经过一些工作和尝试了这么多的例子，我找到了答案。下面是我在我的项目中添加的依赖关系：

compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:11.8.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-drive:11.8.0'

下面是我的清单文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<application
    android:allowBackup="false"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

    <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <meta-data
        android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
        android:value="@string/google_api_key" />

    <meta-data
        android:name="com.google.android.gms.version"
        android:value="@integer/google_play_services_version" />
</application>

</manifest>

以下是我的主要活动：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

private ActivityMainBinding binding;

private static final String TAG = "Google drive";
private static final String SIGN_IN = "Sign In";
private static final String DOWNLOAD_FILE = "Download file";

private static final int REQUEST_CODE_SIGN_IN = 0;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_ITEM = 1;
private static final int REQUEST_WRITE_STORAGE = 112;

private GoogleSignInAccount signInAccount;
private Set<Scope> requiredScopes;
private DriveClient mDriveClient;
private DriveResourceClient mDriveResourceClient;

private OpenFileActivityOptions openOptions;
private TaskCompletionSource<DriveId> mOpenItemTaskSource;
private File storageDir;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

    initialize();
    requestPermission();
    signInAccount = GoogleSignIn.getLastSignedInAccount(this);

    binding.btnSubmit.setOnClickListener(this);
    if (signInAccount != null && signInAccount.getGrantedScopes().containsAll(requiredScopes)) {
        initializeDriveClient(signInAccount);
        binding.btnSubmit.setText(DOWNLOAD_FILE);
    } else {
        binding.btnSubmit.setText(SIGN_IN);
    }

}

private void showMessage(String message) {
    Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    switch (requestCode) {
        case REQUEST_CODE_SIGN_IN:
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                Task<GoogleSignInAccount> getAccountTask = GoogleSignIn.getSignedInAccountFromIntent(data);
                if (getAccountTask.isSuccessful()) {
                    initializeDriveClient(getAccountTask.getResult());
                    showMessage("Sign in successfully.");
                    binding.btnSubmit.setText(DOWNLOAD_FILE);
                } else {
                    showMessage("Sign in failed.");
                }
            } else {
                showMessage("Sign in failed.");
            }
            break;
        case REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_ITEM:
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                DriveId driveId = data.getParcelableExtra(OpenFileActivityOptions.EXTRA_RESPONSE_DRIVE_ID);
                mOpenItemTaskSource.setResult(driveId);
            } else {
                mOpenItemTaskSource.setException(new RuntimeException("Unable to open file"));
            }
            break;
    }
}

private void initialize() {

    requiredScopes = new HashSet<>(2);
    requiredScopes.add(Drive.SCOPE_FILE);
    requiredScopes.add(Drive.SCOPE_APPFOLDER);

    openOptions = new OpenFileActivityOptions.Builder()
            .setSelectionFilter(Filters.eq(SearchableField.MIME_TYPE, "application/pdf"))
            .setActivityTitle("Select file")
            .build();
}

private void initializeDriveClient(GoogleSignInAccount signInAccount) {
    mDriveClient = Drive.getDriveClient(getApplicationContext(), signInAccount);
    mDriveResourceClient = Drive.getDriveResourceClient(getApplicationContext(), signInAccount);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
    if (view.getId() == R.id.btnSubmit) {
        String text = (String) ((Button) view).getText();
        if (text.equals(SIGN_IN)) {
            signIn();
        } else {
            onDriveClientReady();
        }
    }
}

private void signIn() {
    GoogleSignInOptions signInOptions = new GoogleSignInOptions.Builder(GoogleSignInOptions.DEFAULT_SIGN_IN)
            .requestScopes(Drive.SCOPE_FILE)
            .requestScopes(Drive.SCOPE_APPFOLDER)
            .build();
    GoogleSignInClient googleSignInClient = GoogleSignIn.getClient(this, signInOptions);
    startActivityForResult(googleSignInClient.getSignInIntent(), REQUEST_CODE_SIGN_IN);
}

private void onDriveClientReady() {
    mOpenItemTaskSource = new TaskCompletionSource<>();
    mDriveClient.newOpenFileActivityIntentSender(openOptions)
            .continueWith(new Continuation<IntentSender, Void>() {
                @Override
                public Void then(@NonNull Task<IntentSender> task) throws Exception {
                    startIntentSenderForResult(
                            task.getResult(), REQUEST_CODE_OPEN_ITEM, null, 0, 0, 0);
                    return null;
                }
            });

    Task<DriveId> tasks = mOpenItemTaskSource.getTask();
    tasks.addOnSuccessListener(this,
            new OnSuccessListener<DriveId>() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccess(DriveId driveId) {
                    retrieveContents(driveId.asDriveFile());
                }
            })
            .addOnFailureListener(this, new OnFailureListener() {
                @Override
                public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                    showMessage("File not selected.");
                }
            });
}

private void retrieveContents(final DriveFile file) {
    // [START open_file]
    final Task<DriveContents> openFileTask = mDriveResourceClient.openFile(file, DriveFile.MODE_READ_ONLY);
    // [END open_file]
    // [START read_contents]
    openFileTask.continueWithTask(new Continuation<DriveContents, Task<Void>>() {
        @Override
        public Task<Void> then(@NonNull Task<DriveContents> task) throws Exception {
            DriveContents contents = task.getResult();

            Log.v(TAG, "File name : " + contents.toString());
            if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                InputStream input = contents.getInputStream();

                try {
                    File file = new File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "umesh.pdf");
                    Log.v(TAG, storageDir + "");
                    OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);
                    try {
                        try {
                            byte[] buffer = new byte[4 * 1024]; // or other buffer size
                            int read;

                            while ((read = input.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                                output.write(buffer, 0, read);
                            }
                            output.flush();
                        } finally {
                            output.close();
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        input.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            showMessage("Download file successfully.");
            return mDriveResourceClient.discardContents(contents);
        }
    })
            .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
                @Override
                public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                    showMessage("Unable to download file.");
                }
            });
    // [END read_contents]
}

private void requestPermission() {
    String dirPath = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath() + File.separator + "PDF";
    storageDir = new File(dirPath);
    if (!storageDir.exists())
        storageDir.mkdirs();}}

下面是API密钥的字符串文件：

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">GoogleDriveDemo</string>

    <string name="google_api_key">"your-key"</string>
</resources>

在Drive API中下载文件时，我使用webContentLink的方式是在Javascript中打开一个新的浏览器窗口。

var webcontentlink = 'https://docs.google.com/a/google.com/uc?id='+fileId+'&export=download'
window.open( webcontentlink);

我建议您在Android中这样做，就像post中提到的那样：

Intent browserIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(webcontentlink));
startActivity(browserIntent);

对于那些仍然陷入这个问题的人。不知何故，下载网址不能在driveResourceClient.createFile()之后返回

driveResourceClient?.createFile(appFolder, metadataChangeSet, contents)
            }?.addOnSuccessListener(this
            ) { driverFile -> //we cannot get webContentLink here }

此时我们只能得到文件名（这个可能已经定义好了）
在我的情况下，我并不真的需要的URL后，上传，但当用户点击复制URL按钮

driveResourceClient?.query(Query.Builder()
                .addFilter(Filters.eq(SearchableField.TITLE, sharedFileName))
                .build())
                ?.addOnSuccessListener {
                    url = it.first().webContentLink
                }
                ?.{
                }

我刚刚成功了。

你可以很容易地做到这一点，使用chrome自定义选项卡，只需粘贴自定义选项卡中的url，它将显示驱动器的网站，一个可以下载的文件参考此官方文档的chrome自定义选项卡https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/customtabs这是一个真正的高超功能和webview的最佳替代品

最简单的方法下载文件通过谷歌驱动器的URL在Android是通过导航到浏览器。在这种方式下，我们可以下载任何数据，如.apk，. mp4，. txt。
在Kotlin

val driveIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(DRIVE_URL))//Link can have any data link .apk, .mp4 ..
val browserChooserIntent = Intent.createChooser(driveIntent, "Choose browser")
startActivity(browserChooserIntent)