别担心，让Matplotlib做他们的事情，它知道如何根据另一个参数给箭图中的箭头着色。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N=50
# the positions, random points in 0,1; 0,1.
x = np.random.rand(N)
y = np.random.rand(N)

# random directions, 0.025 = 0.5/20
u = np.random.rand(N)/20-0.025
v = np.random.rand(N)/20-0.025

# p values, normalized
p = np.random.rand(N)+np.random.rand(N)1
p = p/sum(p)

# quiver takes a 5th argument, a vector of values that are
# mapped to colors, it is possible to show the mapping using
# plt.colorbar
plt.quiver(x, y, u, v, p)
plt.colorbar()

plt.show()

如果您不喜欢默认的色彩Map表viridis、Matplotlib has a few dozen other colormaps，例如，要使用Spectral色彩Map表，只需更改为

plt.quiver(x, y, u, v, p, cmap='Spectral')