您可以执行以下操作：

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
d = {4: 6, 6: 2, 1: 2, 3: 7, 5: 4, 9: 1, 2: 3, 7: 2, 8: 1}
sorted_list = sorted(d.items()) # sorted by key, return a list of tuples
x, y = zip(*sorted_list) # unpack a list of pairs into two tuples

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()

输出：

您可以使用dict.items和zip：

d = {4: 6, 6: 2, 1: 2, 3: 7, 5: 4, 9: 1, 2: 3, 7: 2, 8: 1}

arr1, arr2 = map(list, zip(*d.items()))

输出：

arr1
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] 

arr2
# [2, 3, 7, 6, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1]

如果要绘图，可以使用pandas.Series：

import pandas as pd

pd.Series(d).sort_index().plot()

# or
# import matplotlib .pyplot as plt
# plt.plot(pd.Series(d).sort_index())

输出：