要禁用WAL模式，请将journal_mode设置为DELETE

NSMutableDictionary *pragmaOptions = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[pragmaOptions setObject:@"DELETE" forKey:@"journal_mode"];

NSDictionary *options = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption, [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES], NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption, pragmaOptions, NSSQLitePragmasOption, nil];
[_persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeURL options:options error:&error]

来自Apple技术文稿：Technical Q&A QA1809

NSDictionary *options = @{NSSQLitePragmasOption:@{@"journal_mode":@"DELETE"}};
if (! [persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType
                                            configuration:nil
                                            URL:storeURL
                                            options:options
                                            error:&error]) {
    // error handling.
}

编辑2020：

快速用户界面+ iOS 14（Xcode 12测试版6）

当您使用SwiftUI创建新项目并选中CoreData模板时，您的新项目在 Persistence.swift 文件中包含以下代码：

struct PersistenceController {
    static let shared = PersistenceController()

    //...

    let container: NSPersistentContainer

    init(inMemory: Bool = false) {
        container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "db_name")
        if inMemory {
            container.persistentStoreDescriptions.first!.url = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/dev/null")
        }
        container.loadPersistentStores(completionHandler: { (storeDescription, error) in
            if let error = error as NSError? {
                //...
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
            }
        })
    }
}

现在，您可以在init容器（container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "db_name")）之后添加以下代码块

if let url = container.persistentStoreDescriptions.first?.url {
    let storeDescription = NSPersistentStoreDescription(url: url)
    storeDescription.setValue("DELETE" as NSObject, forPragmaNamed: "journal_mode")
    container.persistentStoreDescriptions = [storeDescription]
}

对于Swift 2，它将如下所示：

let dict: [NSObject : AnyObject] = [
        NSSQLitePragmasOption: ["journal_mode":"DELETE"]
    ]

    do {
        try coordinator.addPersistentStoreWithType(NSSQLiteStoreType, configuration: nil, URL: url, options: dict)
    } catch {
        // Report any error we got.
        var dict = [String: AnyObject]()
        dict[NSLocalizedDescriptionKey] = "Failed to initialize the application's saved data"
        dict[NSLocalizedFailureReasonErrorKey] = failureReason

        dict[NSUnderlyingErrorKey] = error as! NSError
        let wrappedError = NSError(domain: "YOUR_ERROR_DOMAIN", code: 9999, userInfo: dict)
        // Replace this with code to handle the error appropriately.
        // abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
        NSLog("Unresolved error \(wrappedError), \(wrappedError.userInfo)")
        abort()
    }