我有几乎相同的代码，但是当我创建引用时，我将路径作为参数传递。否则，默认情况下指向根桶，因此出现异常。
尝试将第一行更改为：

const storageRef = firebase.storage().ref(file.name);

从文档中：

/**
 * Returns a reference for the given path in the default bucket.
 * @param path A relative path to initialize the reference with,
 *     for example `path/to/image.jpg`. If not passed, the returned reference
 *     points to the bucket root.
 * @return A reference for the given path.
 */
ref(path?: string): firebase.storage.Reference;

你也可以试试

storage().ref(`newfolder/${whateverYouAreUploading.name}`)