您可以通过窗口功能实现这一点，如下所示：

from pyspark.sql.window import Window
from pyspark.sql.functions import row_number

window = Window.partitionBy("user").orderBy("timestamp")

df.withColumn("order", row_number().over(window)).show()

+----+---------+-----+
|user|timestamp|order|
+----+---------+-----+
| 111|    12:00|    1|
| 111|    12:30|    2|
| 111|    12:45|    3|
| 112|    12:00|    1|
| 112|    12:30|    2|
| 112|    12:45|    3|
| 113|    12:00|    1|
| 113|    12:30|    2|
| 113|    12:45|    3|
+----+---------+-----+