GitHub webhook无法连接到VPN内部的Jenkins？

我正在使用Jenkins和GitHub Enterprise设置持续集成。
到目前为止，我已经能够轻松地创建Jenkins项目，并定期运行作业。

Jenkins使用SSH公钥/私钥来验证和克隆GitHub repos。
Jenkins在我公司VPN网络内的Linux服务器上运行。

我的下一步是配置Jenkins/GitHub，使每个git push到GitHub都会触发Jenkins构建作业。我已经在GitHub上设置了提交后webhook，并在Jenkins项目中启用了GitHub hook trigger for GITScm polling复选框。
但是，GitHub无法连接到Jenkins。
以下是日志：

We couldn’t deliver this payload: failed to connect

{
  "zen": "Design for failure.",
  "hook_id": 287451636,
  "hook": {
    "type": "Repository",
    "id": 287451636,
    "name": "web",
    "active": true,
    "events": [
      "push"
    ],
    "config": {
      "content_type": "json",
      "insecure_ssl": "0",
      "url": "http://1.2.3.4/jenkins/github-webhook/"
    },
    "updated_at": "2021-03-19T07:45:12Z",
    "created_at": "2021-03-19T07:45:12Z",
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/hooks/287451636",
    "test_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/hooks/287451636/test",
    "ping_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/hooks/287451636/pings",
    "last_response": {
      "code": null,
      "status": "unused",
      "message": null
    }
  },
  "repository": {
    "id": 347030450,
    "node_id": "MDEwOlJlcG9zaXRvcnkzNDcwMzA0NTA=",
    "name": "my_repo",
    "full_name": "mycompany/my_repo",
    "private": true,
    "owner": {
      "login": "mycompany",
      "id": 11980925,
      "node_id": "MDEyOk9yZ2FuaXphdGlvbjExOTgwOTI1",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11980925?v=4",
      "gravatar_id": "",
      "url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany",
      "html_url": "https://github.com/mycompany",
      "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/followers",
      "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/following{/other_user}",
      "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/gists{/gist_id}",
      "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
      "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/subscriptions",
      "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/orgs",
      "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/repos",
      "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/events{/privacy}",
      "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/mycompany/received_events",
      "type": "Organization",
      "site_admin": false
    },
    "html_url": "https://github.com/mycompany/my_repo",
    "description": "My test repo.",
    "fork": false,
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo",
    "forks_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/forks",
    "keys_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/keys{/key_id}",
    "collaborators_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/collaborators{/collaborator}",
    "teams_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/teams",
    "hooks_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/hooks",
    "issue_events_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/issues/events{/number}",
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/events",
    "assignees_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/assignees{/user}",
    "branches_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/branches{/branch}",
    "tags_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/tags",
    "blobs_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/git/blobs{/sha}",
    "git_tags_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/git/tags{/sha}",
    "git_refs_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/git/refs{/sha}",
    "trees_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/git/trees{/sha}",
    "statuses_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/statuses/{sha}",
    "languages_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/languages",
    "stargazers_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/stargazers",
    "contributors_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/contributors",
    "subscribers_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/subscribers",
    "subscription_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/subscription",
    "commits_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/commits{/sha}",
    "git_commits_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/git/commits{/sha}",
    "comments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/comments{/number}",
    "issue_comment_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/issues/comments{/number}",
    "contents_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/contents/{+path}",
    "compare_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/compare/{base}...{head}",
    "merges_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/merges",
    "archive_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/{archive_format}{/ref}",
    "downloads_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/downloads",
    "issues_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/issues{/number}",
    "pulls_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/pulls{/number}",
    "milestones_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/milestones{/number}",
    "notifications_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/notifications{?since,all,participating}",
    "labels_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/labels{/name}",
    "releases_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/releases{/id}",
    "deployments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/mycompany/my_repo/deployments",
    "created_at": "2021-03-12T10:40:44Z",
    "updated_at": "2021-03-18T13:59:52Z",
    "pushed_at": "2021-03-18T13:59:49Z",
    "git_url": "git://github.com/mycompany/my_repo.git",
    "ssh_url": "git@github.com:mycompany/my_repo.git",
    "clone_url": "https://github.com/mycompany/my_repo.git",
    "svn_url": "https://github.com/mycompany/my_repo",
    "homepage": null,
    "size": 3,
    "stargazers_count": 0,
    "watchers_count": 0,
    "language": "Makefile",
    "has_issues": true,
    "has_projects": true,
    "has_downloads": true,
    "has_wiki": true,
    "has_pages": false,
    "forks_count": 0,
    "mirror_url": null,
    "archived": false,
    "disabled": false,
    "open_issues_count": 0,
    "license": null,
    "forks": 0,
    "open_issues": 0,
    "watchers": 0,
    "default_branch": "main"
  },
  "sender": {
    "login": "MyLogin",
    "id": 63738097,
    "node_id": "MDQ6VXNlcjYzNzM4MDk3",
    "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/13818097?v=4",
    "gravatar_id": "",
    "url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/MyLogin",
    "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/followers",
    "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/following{/other_user}",
    "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/gists{/gist_id}",
    "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
    "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/subscriptions",
    "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/orgs",
    "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/repos",
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/events{/privacy}",
    "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/MyLogin/received_events",
    "type": "User",
    "site_admin": false
  }
}

有什么问题吗？

如果使用smee将webhook从GitHub发送到你的VPN Jenkins（你设置Github将事件发送到smee.io，然后使用Smee客户端检索事件并在Jenknins内部使用它们），这里有一个快速的设置方法。
1.去Smee.io给自己找一个“频道”，写下你得到的网址（例如https://smee.io/Wua8D46nBvJ63nPP）。
1.在Jenkins上安装Smee：sudo npm install --global smee-client
1.配置内部转发：smee -u https://smee.io/Wua8D46nBvJ63nPP --path /github-webhook/ --port 8080
1.转到您的GitHub资源库：Settings->Webhooks->Add webhook，并将URL粘贴到“负载URL”下，选择内容类型“application/json”。
1.将Smee设置为在Jenkins上作为服务运行，在 Boot 时启动。您需要两个文件：

初始化脚本/etc/init.d/smee
systemctl服务说明文件/etc/systemd/system/smee.service

/etc/init.d/smee：

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          smee
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      
# Short-Description: Start SMEE daemon at boot time
# Description:       Forwards GitHub webhook notifications to Jenkins.
### END INIT INFO

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
DAEMON=/usr/bin/smee
PIDFILE=/var/run/smee.pid

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
  start)
 log_daemon_msg "Starting smee" "smee"
 start_daemon -p $PIDFILE $DAEMON
 log_end_msg $?
    ;;
  stop)
 log_daemon_msg "Stopping smee" "smee"
 killproc -p $PIDFILE $DAEMON
 log_end_msg $?
    ;;  
  force-reload|restart)
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
  status)
    status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE $DAEMON atd && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/smee {start|stop|restart|force-reload|status}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

/etc/systemd/system/smee.service：

[Unit]
Description=smee.io webhook delivery from GitHub
After=network.target
StartLimitIntervalSec=0

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=1
User=jenkins
ExecStart=/usr/bin/smee -u https://smee.io/Wua8D46nBvJ63nPP --path /jenkins/github-webhook/ --port 8080

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务：sudo /etc/init.d/smee start
检查状态：sudo /etc/init.d/smee status
现在，您的存储库中的通知应该被发送到Jenkins，Jenkins应该能够看到并处理它们。要快速检查Jenkins是否处理任何Smee命令，请打开“ Jmeter 板-〉系统日志”并搜索“smee”。

GitHub webhook无法连接到VPN内部的Jenkins？

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