如果你用XMLEncoder序列化这个树，你可以生成如下所示的东西。通过扩展，你可以编辑它，然后反序列化它。当然，这可以很好地压缩，因为有很多冗余。序列化看起来像：

public void serialize(TreeModel model) {
    try (XMLEncoder enc = new XMLEncoder(Files.newOutputStream(Path.of("tree.xml")))) {
        enc.writeObject(model);
    }
    catch(IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();    
    }
}

生产：

<java version="18.0.2.1" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">
 <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel">
  <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode">
   <void property="userObject">
    <string>Life</string>
   </void>
   <void method="add">
    <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode">
     <void property="userObject">
      <string>Plants</string>
     </void>
     <void method="add">
      <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode">
       <void property="userObject">
        <string>Cryptogamers</string>
       </void>
      </object>
     </void>
    </object>
   </void>
   <void method="add">
    <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode">
     <void property="userObject">
      <string>Animals</string>
     </void>
     <void method="add">
      <object class="javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode">
       <void property="userObject">
        <string>Mammals</string>
       </void>
      </object>
     </void>
    </object>
   </void>
  </object>
 </object>
</java>

有多种XML树表示，您可以将XML文档解析为DOM、Xdm、JDOM等，并通过递归处理该XML树来递归构建JTree，以下是使用Saxon HE和XdmNode的示例，例如：

import net.sf.saxon.s9api.Processor;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.SaxonApiException;
import net.sf.saxon.s9api.XdmNode;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JTree;
import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;
import javax.swing.tree.MutableTreeNode;
import java.io.File;

public class Main {
    Main(XdmNode inputDoc) {
        JFrame f = new JFrame("Swing");

        JTree root = new JTree(parseXdmTreeToSwingTree((XdmNode)inputDoc.children("*").iterator().next()));


        f.setSize(200, 200);
        f.add(root);
        f.setVisible(true);

    }

    MutableTreeNode parseXdmTreeToSwingTree(XdmNode inputNode) {
        DefaultMutableTreeNode treeNode = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(inputNode.attribute("name"));
        for (XdmNode child : inputNode.children( "*"))
            treeNode.add(parseXdmTreeToSwingTree(child));
        return treeNode;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SaxonApiException {
        Processor processor = new Processor(true);
        XdmNode inputDoc = processor.newDocumentBuilder().build(new File("sample1.xml"));
        new Main(inputDoc);
    }
}

撒克逊人他是在Maven例如。

<dependency>
        <groupId>net.sf.saxon</groupId>
        <artifactId>Saxon-HE</artifactId>
        <version>11.4</version>
    </dependency>

会将当前版本11.4添加到项目中。