如果没有真实的好的例子，文档很难理解，但是基本上在他们的小字中提到，如果你想更新这里的任何东西，你必须完全覆盖postgresql.conf和pg_hba.conf。我相信有一个更好的方法来执行一个键的更新，比如wal_level，但是我发现这个方法是目前最好的。
将这个yaml复制到一个文件（/path/to/this/file/values_bitnami_pg_postgresql_conf.yaml）中，并在安装图表时使用if。这个yaml包含了我在编写时发现的所有可以编辑的键。

primary:
  # Override default postgresql.conf
  configuration: |-
    # Note: This configuration was created with bitnami/postgresql default chart, connecting and running `SHOW ALL;`
    #       then modifying to the appropriate yaml format. All values in SHOW present and if commented, this likely
    #       indicates attempt to set value failed. Please experiment. 
    #
    #       CHART NAME: postgresql
    #       CHART VERSION: 11.0.4
    #       APP VERSION: 14.1.0
    #       Example use: 
    #       >>> helm install pg-release-1 bitnami/postgresql -f /path/to/this/file/values_bitnami_pg_postgresql_conf.yaml
    #       (chart should display connection details... connect using psql and run `SHOW ALL;`)
    #       If anything appears odd or not present review the pod logs (`kubectl logs <target pod for release>`)
    allow_system_table_mods = 'off' #Allows modifications of the structure of system tables.
    application_name = 'psql' #Sets the application name to be reported in statistics and logs.
    archive_cleanup_command = '' #Sets the shell command that will be executed at every restart point.
    archive_command = '(disabled' #Sets the shell command that will be called to archive a WAL file.
    archive_mode = 'off' #Allows archiving of WAL files using archive_command.
    archive_timeout = '0' #Forces a switch to the next WAL file if a new file has not been started within N seconds.
    array_nulls = 'on' #Enable input of NULL elements in arrays.
    authentication_timeout = '1min' #Sets the maximum allowed time to complete client authentication.
    autovacuum = 'on' #Starts the autovacuum subprocess.
    autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = '0.1' #Number of tuple inserts, updates, or deletes prior to analyze as a fraction of reltuples.
    autovacuum_analyze_threshold = '50' #Minimum number of tuple inserts, updates, or deletes prior to analyze.
    autovacuum_freeze_max_age = '200000000' #Age at which to autovacuum a table to prevent transaction ID wraparound.
    autovacuum_max_workers = '3' #Sets the maximum number of simultaneously running autovacuum worker processes.
    autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = '400000000' #Multixact age at which to autovacuum a table to prevent multixact wraparound.
    autovacuum_naptime = '1min' #Time to sleep between autovacuum runs.
    autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = '2ms' #Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds, for autovacuum.
    # won't let me post entire show ... so cut the middle 
    # ...
    vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = '0' #Number of transactions by which VACUUM and HOT cleanup should be deferred, if any.
    vacuum_failsafe_age = '1600000000' #Age at which VACUUM should trigger failsafe to avoid a wraparound outage.
    vacuum_freeze_min_age = '50000000' #Minimum age at which VACUUM should freeze a table row.
    vacuum_freeze_table_age = '150000000' #Age at which VACUUM should scan whole table to freeze tuples.
    vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age = '1600000000' #Multixact age at which VACUUM should trigger failsafe to avoid a wraparound outage.
    vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = '5000000' #Minimum age at which VACUUM should freeze a MultiXactId in a table row.
    vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = '150000000' #Multixact age at which VACUUM should scan whole table to freeze tuples.
    #wal_block_size = '8192' #Shows the block size in the write ahead log.
    wal_buffers = '256kB' #Sets the number of disk-page buffers in shared memory for WAL.
    wal_compression = 'off' #Compresses full-page writes written in WAL file.
    wal_consistency_checking = '' #Sets the WAL resource managers for which WAL consistency checks are done.
    wal_init_zero = 'on' #Writes zeroes to new WAL files before first use.
    wal_keep_size = '128MB' #Sets the size of WAL files held for standby servers.
    wal_level = 'logical' #Sets the level of information written to the WAL.
    wal_log_hints = 'off' #Writes full pages to WAL when first modified after a checkpoint, even for a non-critical modification.
    wal_receiver_create_temp_slot = 'off' #Sets whether a WAL receiver should create a temporary replication slot if no permanent slot is configured.
    wal_receiver_status_interval = '10s' #Sets the maximum interval between WAL receiver status reports to the sending server.
    wal_receiver_timeout = '1min' #Sets the maximum wait time to receive data from the sending server.
    wal_recycle = 'on' #Recycles WAL files by renaming them.
    wal_retrieve_retry_interval = '5s' #Sets the time to wait before retrying to retrieve WAL after a failed attempt.
    #wal_segment_size = '16MB' #Shows the size of write ahead log segments.
    wal_sender_timeout = '1min' #Sets the maximum time to wait for WAL replication.
    wal_skip_threshold = '2MB' #Minimum size of new file to fsync instead of writing WAL.
    wal_sync_method = 'fdatasync' #Selects the method used for forcing WAL updates to disk.
    wal_writer_delay = '200ms' #Time between WAL flushes performed in the WAL writer.
    wal_writer_flush_after = '1MB' #Amount of WAL written out by WAL writer that triggers a flush.
    work_mem = '4MB' #Sets the maximum memory to be used for query workspaces.
    xmlbinary = 'base64' #Sets how binary values are to be encoded in XML.
    xmloption = 'content' #Sets whether XML data in implicit parsing and serialization operations is to be considered as documents or content fragments.
    zero_damaged_pages = 'off' #Continues processing past damaged page headers.
  # Override default pg_hba.conf
  pgHbaConfiguration: |-
    # WARNING! This is wide open and only for toy local development purposes.
    # Note: To verify this is loaded, connect via psql and run `table pg_hba_file_rules ;`
    host     all             all             0.0.0.0/0               trust
    host     all             all             ::/0                    trust
    local    all             all                                     trust
    host     all             all        127.0.0.1/32                 trust
    host     all             all        ::1/128                      trust

John的答案是正确的，我发现它非常有用。我可以添加一个替代的安排。如果你想避免在你的values.yaml中有整个Postgres配置，你可以在一个单独的ConfigMap中定义它。
在templates文件夹中创建文件postgresql-config.yaml：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: postgresql-configmap
data:
  pg_hba.conf: |-
    local  all        all                     scram-sha-256
    host   all        all       127.0.0.1/32  scram-sha-256
    host   all        all       ::1/128       scram-sha-256
    # and so on

  postgresql.conf: |-
    allow_in_place_tablespaces             = off
    allow_system_table_mods                = off
    archive_cleanup_command                = ''
    archive_command                        = ''
    autovacuum                             = on
    autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor        = 0.1
    # and so on

那么在你的values.yaml文件中你只需要：

postgresql:
  primary:
    existingConfigmap: "postgresql-configmap"

我真的很难找到关于如何定义ConfigMap的信息，但从查看其他BitNami教程中，我发现它是X1 M2 N1 X的关键/值。