你可以使用pandas.DataFrame.plot.barh来制作一个水平的单个堆叠条形图。在这个例子中，我使用了一个与你在Office of National Statistics中找到的数据集相似的数据集来向你展示一般逻辑。
试试这个：

import pandas as pd
import requests

url= "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2018/fa9e61d4.xlsx"

excel_file = requests.get(url)

ages_labels = ["0-14yrs", "15-64yrs", "65yrs+"]

def set_categories(df):
    df["Category"]= pd.qcut(x= df.pop("Age"), q=[0, 0.16, 0.73, 1], labels=ages_labels)
    return df

(
    pd.read_excel(excel_file.content, header=2, usecols="A:B")
        .apply(pd.to_numeric, errors="coerce")
        .dropna()
        .pipe(set_categories)
        .groupby("Category").sum()
        .transpose()
        .plot.barh(
            stacked= True,
            width= 0.1,
            color= ["#3d8881", "#2b7dc0", "#d2417e"],
            figsize=(7, 3))
)

#输出：