我记得在旧的日子里，让人们在Windows上编译任何东西之前运行vcvarsall.bat。假设默认安装位置，我在哪里可以找到cl.exe，link.exe和朋友;如果它不在PATH中呢
尝试：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <Windows.h>

const inline LPCWSTR find_cl() {
    /* Most of this list derived from 
       https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/blob/417b765f/Modules/GetPrerequisites.cmake#L670 */
    static const LPCSTR cl_paths[12] = {
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\\VC\\bin",
        "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\VC\\BIN",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\VC\\BIN",
        "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\\VC7\\BIN",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\\VC7\\BIN",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.25.28610\\bin\\Hostx86\\x64",
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.25.28610\\bin\\Hostx86\\x86",
    };

    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof cl_paths / sizeof cl_paths[0]; i++)
        if (_access(cl_paths[i], 0) == 0)
            return cl_paths[i];
    return NULL;
}

使用一个简单的入口点：

int main(void) {
    const LPCWSTR cl_path = find_cl();

    if (cl_path == NULL)
        return EXIT_FAILURE;

    printf("Found cl_path of: \"%s\"\n", cl_path);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

我也会检测架构，所以我会先寻找与当前架构匹配的编译器，然后退回到其他架构。