我正在处理同样的事情，并且我找到了一个解决方法。您可以在DataTableSource实现类中声明一个BuildContext属性。

class EventData extends DataTableSource {
      final BuildContext context;
      EventData({required this.context});
      final List<Map<String, dynamic>> _data = List.generate(
          200,
          (index) => {
                "price": Random().nextInt(1000),
              });
    
      @override
      DataRow? getRow(int index) {
        return DataRow(cells: [
          DataCell(Center(
            // We can know use the context in this method.
            child: Text("${_data[index]['price']} €",
                style: Theme.of(context)
                    .textTheme
                    .headline6!
                    .copyWith(fontWeight: FontWeight.bold)),
          )),
        ]);
      }
    
      @override
      bool get isRowCountApproximate => false;
    
      @override
      int get rowCount => _data.length;
    
      @override
      int get selectedRowCount => 0;
    }

此属性必须由UI提供，现在可以在DataTableSource类的方法中使用。

class PaginatedExample extends StatelessWidget {
  const PaginatedExample({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return PaginatedDataTable(
      source: EventData(context: context), //The context can be provided here.
      columns: const [
        DataColumn(label: Text('Price')),
      ],
    );
  }
}

此解决方案的缺点是EventData类将在每次UI重建时重新示例化。

正如文档中所述，DataTableSource是长期存在的对象，应该在PaginatedDataTable的构建中重用，因此您不应该将上下文传递给DataTableSource对象IMO。
我更喜欢传递回调函数，它将在点击行后被调用。
以下是我在应用程序中使用的内容的简化示例：

class PlayerDataSource extends DataTableSource {

  /// When no other user is selected, this callback will be called from the onTap event on a Datarow.
  final void Function(Player player)? onTap;

  /// Allow the pagined data table to know if it should show the checkbox
  final void Function(bool displayCheckbox)? onSelect;

  PlayerDataSource({this.onTap, this.onSelect});

  List<Player> displayedPlayers = [];
  int _selectedCount = 0;

  @override
  int get rowCount => displayedPlayers.length;

  @override
  bool get isRowCountApproximate => false;

  @override
  int get selectedRowCount => _selectedCount;

  @override
  DataRow? getRow(int index) {
    assert(index >= 0);
    if (index >= displayedPlayers.length) {
      return null;
    }
    final player = displayedPlayers[index];
    return DataRow.byIndex(
      index: index,
      selected: player.selected,
      onSelectChanged: (isSelected) {
        if (_selectedCount == 0) {
          onTap?.call(player);
          return;
        }
        if (_selectedCount == 1 && isSelected != null && !isSelected) {
          onSelect?.call(false);
        }
        selectOne(player, isSelected ?? false);
      },
      onLongPress: _selectedCount == 0
          ? () {
              onSelect?.call(true);
              selectOne(player, true);
            }
          : null,
      cells: [
        // Wrap Text with builder to access context and get localizations
        DataCell(Builder(builder: (context) {
          final local = AppLocalizations.of(context)!;
          return Text(player.hasSub ? local.yes : local.no);
        })),
        DataCell(Text('0')),
      ],
    );
  }
}

PS：如果需要单元格内的上下文，可以将单元格子部件（这里是Text部件） Package 在Builder部件内