1.有向图G
直接：

struct Vertex {
    double m_d  = 0;
    size_t m_id = -1;
    // or std::size_t id() const;
};

struct Edge {
    double cost = 0;
};

using Graph =
    boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::bidirectionalS, Vertex, Edge>;

• （请问双向和除in_edges以外的定向有何区别？）*

没有其他区别，当然除了枚举进入边的复杂性保证，以及插入边时的线性开销

1. G可以保存顶点类型Vertex。
   请参阅0。
   1.从G按id获取顶点

auto find_by_id = [&g](size_t id) -> Vertex& {
        auto vv = boost::make_iterator_range(vertices(g));
        auto vd = find_if(vv, [&, id](auto vd) { return g[vd].m_id == id; });
        return g[*vd];
    };

并在需要时更改Vertex结构体中的值m_d。

if (i_want()) {
    g[vd].m_id += 1;
}

或者，

auto idmap = boost::get(&Vertex::m_id, g);

if (i_want()) {
    idmap[vd] += 1;
}

或者甚至

put(idmap, vd, 42);

甚至更不明显：

get(boost::vertex_bundle, g, vd).m_id = 999;

1.添加，删除顶点

remove_vertex(vd, g);

和顶点之间的边

clear_vertex(vd, g);

并且还支持成本，即成本（边）。
哇，这真的和上面的任何一个都没有关系，但是它和顶点id是一样的：

if (i_want()) {
    g[ed].cost = new_cost;
}

或者，

auto cost = boost::get(&Edge::cost, g);

if (i_want()) {
    cost[ed] = new_cost;
}

或者甚至

put(cost, ed, new_cost);

甚至更不明显：

get(boost::edge_bundle, g, ed).cost = new_cost;

现场演示

#include <boost/graph/adjacency_list.hpp>
#include <boost/graph/graph_utility.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm.hpp>
#include <iostream>

struct Vertex {
    double m_d  = 0;
    size_t m_id = -1;
    // or std::size_t id() const;
};

struct Edge {
    double cost = 0;
};

using Graph =
    boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::bidirectionalS, Vertex, Edge>;

using boost::make_iterator_range;

int main(){
    Graph g;
    auto v0 = add_vertex({0.1, 100}, g);
    auto v1 = add_vertex({0.2, 200}, g);
    auto v2 = add_vertex({0.3, 300}, g);
    auto v3 = add_vertex({0.4, 400}, g);
    auto v4 = add_vertex({0.5, 500}, g);
    auto v5 = add_vertex({0.6, 600}, g);

    add_edge(v0, v2, Edge{1.5}, g);
    add_edge(v1, v3, Edge{2.5}, g);
    add_edge(v4, v1, Edge{3.5}, g);
    add_edge(v2, v5, Edge{4.5}, g);

    auto idmap = boost::get(&Vertex::m_id, g);
    auto cost  = boost::get(&Edge::cost, g);

    auto find_by_id = [&g](size_t id) -> Vertex& {
        auto vv = boost::make_iterator_range(vertices(g));
        auto vd = find_if(vv, [&, id](auto vd) { return g[vd].m_id == id; });
        return g[*vd];
    };

    print_graph(g, idmap, std::cout << "original: ");

    auto i_want = [](auto vd) {
        return (vd % 2); // when I want
    };

    for (auto vd : make_iterator_range(vertices(g))) {
        if (i_want(vd))
            g[vd].m_id += 1;
        if (i_want(vd))
            idmap[vd] += 1;
        //put(idmap, vd, 42);
        //get(boost::vertex_bundle, g, vd).m_id = 999;
    }

    print_graph(g, idmap, std::cout << "altered: ");

    clear_vertex(v3, g);
    remove_vertex(v3, g); // undefined behaviour unless edges cleared

    print_graph(g, idmap, std::cout << "removed: ");

    for (auto ed : make_iterator_range(edges(g))) {
        std::cout << ed << " cost " << cost[ed] << "\n";
    }

    for (auto ed : make_iterator_range(edges(g))) {
        cost[ed] *= 111;
    }

    for (auto ed : make_iterator_range(edges(g))) {
        std::cout << ed << " cost " << cost[ed] << "\n";
    }
};

打印

original: 100 --> 300 
200 --> 400 
300 --> 600 
400 --> 
500 --> 200 
600 --> 
altered: 100 --> 300 
202 --> 402 
300 --> 602 
402 --> 
500 --> 202 
602 --> 
removed: 100 --> 300 
202 --> 
300 --> 602 
500 --> 202 
602 --> 
(0,2) cost 1.5
(3,1) cost 3.5
(2,4) cost 4.5
(0,2) cost 166.5
(3,1) cost 388.5
(2,4) cost 499.5