解决方法很简单

func verifyKeyPair(private, public string) bool {
    // Handle errors here
    block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(rsaPrivateKey))
    key, _ := x509.ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(block.Bytes)
    pubBlock, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(rsaPublicKey))
    pubKey, _ := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pubBlock.Bytes)
    return key.PublicKey.Equal(pubKey)
}

https://play.golang.org/p/tR6Ns0wDrlN

或者，如果您希望处理其他支持的算法：

// KeysMatch generic check if public key is the same.
func KeysMatch(priv crypto.PrivateKey, pub crypto.PublicKey) bool {

    privkey, ok := priv.(interface {
        Public() crypto.PublicKey
    })

    if !ok {
        return false
    }

    pubkey, ok := privkey.Public().(interface {
        Equal(crypto.PublicKey) bool
    })

    if !ok {
        return false
    }

    return pubkey.Equal(pub)
}