正如我在评论中提到的，现有的解决方案为您提供了一些很好的选择。一个真正 *hacky的方法 * 是这样的：

struct ContentView: View {
    
    var body: some View {
        // This is a wrapper, mostly hidden except for left side
        ZStack {
            contentView
                .background(Color.white) // hide the rest of black frame
                .padding(.leading, 10) // width of "border"
        }
        .ignoresSafeArea()
        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity)
        .background(Color.black)
    }
    
    // This is your original view
    var contentView: some View {
        
        HStack(alignment: .top) {
            VStack(alignment: .leading) {
                HStack {
                    Image(systemName: "star.fill")
                        .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
                        .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
                    Text("Speed")
                }.padding(.bottom, 10)
                
                HStack {
                    Image(systemName: "star.fill")
                        .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fit)
                        .frame(width: 16, height: 16)
                    Text("Distance")
                }
                Spacer()
            }
            Spacer()
        }
    }
}

对于我来说，我实际上会像这样编写代码来获得视图：

struct Sample: View {
   var body: some View {
       HStack {
           VStack(alignment: .leading) {
               ForEach(0..<5, id: \.self) { _ in
                   HStack {
                       Image(systemName: "star.fill")
                       Text("Speed")
                       Spacer()
                   }
                   .background(leftBorder)
               }
           }
           .padding(.leading)
       }
   }

   var leftBorder: some View {
       HStack {
           Rectangle()
               .frame(width: 1)
        
           Spacer()
       }
    }
}

结果：

但我不确定这是不是你想要的，但如果这能帮上忙，我很高兴。