find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -path "./*" -exec sh -c \
    'for f; do f=${f#./}; grep -qw "$f" file1 || rm -rf "$f"; done' sh {} +

Anish有一个很好的简单答案。如果你想要一些详细的东西来帮助你在未来进行数据操作或类似的事情，下面是一个详细的版本：

#!/bin/bash

# send this function the directory name
# it compares that name with all entries in
# file1. If entry is found, 0 is returned
# That means...do not delete directory
#
# Otherwise, 1 is returned
# That means...delete the directory
isSafe()
{
    # accept the directory name parameter
    DIR=$1
    echo "Received $DIR"

    # assume that directory will not be found in file list
    IS_SAFE=1 # false

    # read file line by line
    while read -r line; do

        echo "Comparing $DIR and $line."
        if [ $DIR = $line ]; then
            IS_SAFE=0 # true
            echo "$DIR is safe"
            break
        fi

    done < file1

    return $IS_SAFE
}

# find all files in current directory
# and loop through them
for i in $(find * -type d); do

    # send each directory name to function and
    # capture the output with $?
    isSafe $i
    SAFETY=$?

    # decide whether to delete directory or not
    if [ $SAFETY -eq 1 ]; then
        echo "$i will be deleted"
        # uncomment below
        # rm -rf $i
    else
        echo "$i will NOT be deleted"
    fi
    echo "-----"

done

您可以使用grep排除目录：

find . -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -printf '%P\n' | grep -f file1 -Fx -v | xargs rm -r

-printf '%P\n'用于从目录名中删除前导'./'
来自man find，-printf说明：
%磷 文件的名称与发现其被移除的起始点的名称。
grep参数：
-f文件 从FILE中获取模式，每行一个。
-F  将PATTERNS解释为固定字符串，而不是正则表达式。
-x  只选择与整行完全匹配的匹配项。对于正则表达式模式，这类似于将模式括在括号中，然后用^和$将其括起来。
-v  反转匹配的意义，以选择不匹配的行。