“诀窍”是匹配你不想要的，但然后捕获你想要的，并只返回捕获的组。例如：

Sub regex()
    Dim RE As Object, MC As Object, M As Object
    Const sPat As String = "B(A)"
    Const myString As String = "BA"
    
Set RE = CreateObject("vbscript.regexp")
With RE
    .Pattern = sPat
    Set MC = .Execute(myString)
    Debug.Print MC(0).submatches(0)
End With
    
    
End Sub

will =〉A立即窗口中

您可以使用

Dim pattern As regExp, m As Object
Dim text As String, result As String, repl As String, offset As Long

text = "http://www1 https://www2 \: : text:..."
repl = "_"
offset = 0

Set pattern = New regExp
With pattern
    .pattern = "(https?:|\\:)|:"
    .Global = True
End With

result = text
For Each m In pattern.Execute(text)
    If Len(m.SubMatches(0)) = 0 Then ' If Group 1 matched, replace with "a"
        result = Left(result, m.FirstIndex + offset) & repl & Mid(result, m.FirstIndex + m.Length + 1 + offset)
        offset = offset + Len(repl) - m.Length
    End If
Next

http://www1 https://www2 \: : text:...的输出为http://www1 https://www2 \: _ text_...。
重点是匹配并捕获https:、http:或\:与(https?:|\\:)捕获组，然后在匹配时进行内联替换。偏移量的使用有助于跟踪不断变化的字符串长度，特别是当您需要用不同长度的字符串进行替换时。

罗恩Rosenfeld给出了查找:的代码，当:前面有http（和其他字符）时，您需要查找:，当它 * 不是 * 前面有http（和其他字符）时。

Sub regex()
    Dim RE As Object, MC As Object, M As Object
    Const sPat As String = "((https?|\\)?)(:)"
    Const myString As String = "..."
    
    Set RE = CreateObject("vbscript.regexp")
    With RE
        .Pattern = sPat
        Set MC = .Execute(myString)
        If MC(0).submatches(1) = "" Then
            Debug.Print MC(0).submatches(3)
        End If
    End With
End Sub