Django：视图，模板和url之间的连接出现异常错误

我有两个main usage和main model页面，其中列出了特定用途或型号的产品。我有这些页面的以下视图：

def get_common_queryset():
    usage_queryset = Usage.objects.all()
    sub_usage_queryset = SubUsage.objects.all()
    main_model_queryset = MainModel.objects.all()
    pump_type_queryset = PumpType.objects.all()
    queryset_dictionary = {
        "usage_queryset": usage_queryset,
        "sub_usage_queryset": sub_usage_queryset,
        "main_model_queryset": main_model_queryset,
        "pump_type_queryset": pump_type_queryset,
    }
    return queryset_dictionary

def products_usage_main(request):
    queryset_dictionary = get_common_queryset()
    context = queryset_dictionary
    return render(request, "products/products_usage_main.html", context)

def products_model_main(request):
    queryset_dictionary = get_common_queryset()
    context = queryset_dictionary
    return render(request, "products/products_model_main.html", context)

这里我们有一个get_common_queryset()函数，你可以在this问题中读到它的原因。然后我们有两个类似的视图函数，products_usage_main和product_model_main，但是使用不同的模板。
在urls.py中，这些视图的路径如下：

urlpatterns = [
    path("application/", products_usage_main, name="products_usage_main"),
    path("model/", products_model_main, name="products_model_main"),
]

在这里，我们可以再次看到，两条路径是相似的，只是视角不同。
最后，我为这两个视图创建了两个单独的模板，它们的代码与我所面临的问题无关。
问题：
在我的产品页面侧边栏中，有两个引用/products/application/和/products/model/的主链接，当我单击/products/application/时，一切都正常;但当单击/products/model/时，我得到以下错误：

ValidationError at /products/model/
['“model” is not a valid UUID.']

当我查看回溯错误时，它说问题是从product_detail视图和product = Product.objects.get(id=pk)行中提出的，这与这两个页面和它们的视图无关！下面是我的product_detail视图：

def product_detail(request, pk):
    product = Product.objects.get(id=pk)
    head_flow_dataset = HeadFlowDataSet.objects.filter(
        product=product
    ).order_by("flow")
    context_of_view = {
        "product": product,
        "head_flow_dataset_x": [],
        "head_flow_dataset_y": [],
    }
    for head_flow in head_flow_dataset:
        context_of_view["head_flow_dataset_x"].append(head_flow.flow)
        context_of_view["head_flow_dataset_y"].append(head_flow.head)
    queryset_dictionary = get_common_queryset()
    context = {
        **context_of_view,
        **queryset_dictionary,
    }
    return render(request, "products/product_detail.html", context)

下面我发送完整的错误追溯，如果你需要它：

Internal Server Error: /products/model/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 2649, in to_python
    return uuid.UUID(**{input_form: value})
  File "C:\Users\Vahid Moradi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\uuid.py", line 177, in __init__
    raise ValueError('badly formed hexadecimal UUID string')
ValueError: badly formed hexadecimal UUID string

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 55, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 197, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\products\views.py", line 152, in product_detail
    product = Product.objects.get(id=pk)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method
    return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 636, in get
    clone = self._chain() if self.query.combinator else self.filter(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1420, in filter
    return self._filter_or_exclude(False, args, kwargs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1438, in _filter_or_exclude
    clone._filter_or_exclude_inplace(negate, args, kwargs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1445, in _filter_or_exclude_inplace
    self._query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs))
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1532, in add_q
    clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, self.used_aliases)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1562, in _add_q
    child_clause, needed_inner = self.build_filter(
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1478, in build_filter
    condition = self.build_lookup(lookups, col, value)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1303, in build_lookup
    lookup = lookup_class(lhs, rhs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\lookups.py", line 27, in __init__
    self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\lookups.py", line 341, in get_prep_lookup
    return super().get_prep_lookup()
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\lookups.py", line 85, in get_prep_lookup
    return self.lhs.output_field.get_prep_value(self.rhs)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 2633, in get_prep_value
    return self.to_python(value)
  File "D:\Projects\Navid Motor\Website\Django\NavidMotor.com\.venv\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 2651, in to_python
    raise exceptions.ValidationError(
django.core.exceptions.ValidationError: ['“model” is not a valid UUID.']
[12/Dec/2022 11:22:53] "GET /products/model/ HTTP/1.1" 500 145337

为了解决这个问题，我回顾了我的其他视图，特别是product_detail视图，我试图理解为什么这个视图应该是这个问题的根源。
在我的products/urls.py中，我有一个product_detail视图的路径，如下所示：

path("<str:pk>/", product_detail, name="product_detail"),

另一方面，如上所述，model page url如下所示：

path("model/", products_model_main, name="products_model_main"),

所以我猜这两个路径之间的相似性是问题的根源，当我把product_detal的路径url改为path("product-detail/<str:pk>/时，两个页面都工作得很好。
UPDATE：我找到了另一个解决方案，也是这个问题的主要原因。在如上所述更改了product_detail路径之后，它让我思考了这个问题的原因，因为除了products/model/之外，我还有另一个具有这种结构的url，products/application/;那么，为什么这个问题只发生在model页面上呢？然后我彻底检查了我的urls.py文件，这是products.urls中的完整路径：

path("application/", products_usage_main, name="products_usage_main"),
    path("<str:pk>/", product_detail, name="product_detail"),
    path(
        "application/single-application/<str:pk>",
        products_single_usage_list,
        name="products_single_usage_list",
    ),
    path("model/", products_model_main, name="products_model_main"),
    path(
        "application/single-application/sub-application/<str:pk>",
        products_sub_usage_list,
        name="products_sub_usage_list",
    ),
    path(
        "model/single-model/<str:pk>",
        products_single_model_list,
        name="products_single_model_list",
    ),
    path(
        "model/single-model/pump-type/<str:pk>",
        products_single_type_list,
        name="products_single_type_list",
    ),
]

正如您所看到的URL的顺序，第一个URL是products/application/，第二个是products/<str:pk>;我认为Django按照这个顺序检查url，并且它希望products/model/中的model是第二个url中的<str:pk>部分。所以，我改变了url的顺序，它就工作得很好，而不需要改变product_detail页面的url。
最终urls.py代码：

urlpatterns = [
    path("application/", products_usage_main, name="products_usage_main"),
    path("model/", products_model_main, name="products_model_main"),
    path("<str:pk>/", product_detail, name="product_detail"),
    path(
        "application/single-application/<str:pk>",
        products_single_usage_list,
        name="products_single_usage_list",
    ),
    path(
        "application/single-application/sub-application/<str:pk>",
        products_sub_usage_list,
        name="products_sub_usage_list",
    ),
    path(
        "model/single-model/<str:pk>",
        products_single_model_list,
        name="products_single_model_list",
    ),
    path(
        "model/single-model/pump-type/<str:pk>",
        products_single_type_list,
        name="products_single_type_list",
    ),
]

我希望这个答案能对其他可能遇到类似问题的人有所帮助。

Django：视图，模板和url之间的连接出现异常错误

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