首先，您正在编写C++，这意味着您足够幸运，没有****使用C数组/malloc 'd指针，而是更喜欢STL容器，因为它们为您管理内存！
也就是说，如果你想把派生类放到一个基类容器中，你就必须存储指向那个基类的指针，再一次，最好使用现代C++，使用智能指针，因为它们是自我管理的，可以让你省去free 'ing的麻烦：

#include <memory> //smart pointers
#include <vector> //vector, STL container for a dynamically resizable array
#include <string> //string, pretty self explanatory
#include <algorithm> //algorithm, for powerful utility algorithms

class Cart
{

private:

    int totalPrice;
// A vector of smart pointers to our base class
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Product>> productList;

public:

    Cart() = default;

    void addProduct(std::unique_ptr<Product>&& product)
    {
// we put our product in the cart using [Move Semantics][1], transferring ownership 
// of the pointer to the cart.
        productList.push_back(std::move(product));
    }

    void removeProduct(std::string_view product_name)
    {
//we use a combination of std::find_if, from the algorithm header, together with a 
//lambda, to remove a product by its name (similar functions can be written using
//different attributes as keys
        auto const& to_remove = std::find_if(productList.begin(), productList.end(), 
        [
            &product_name
        ](auto const& product)
        {
            return product->getName() == product_name;
        }
        );

//if we have found our product, we remove it...
        if (to_remove != productList.end())
        {
            productList.erase(to_remove);
        }
    }

    // return a const reference to the productList, this way we can iterate 
    // over the lists from outside the class without modifying it.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Product>> const& getProductList() const
    {
        return productList;
    }

    // add other methods, like getTotalPrice() etc...
};

一开始，这个解决方案可能看起来有点难以接受，因为它与C语言有很大的不同，但是一旦你熟悉了STL和这些更高级的结构（比如lambdas），你就会更安全、更快地编写代码。
从这里开始，这个类的用法示例可以是：

#include <iostream>

int main()  
{
    Cart cart;

    cart.addProduct(std::make_unique<Product>(10, "Apple"));
    cart.addProduct(std::make_unique<Product>(20, "Banana"));
    cart.addProduct(std::make_unique<Product>(30, "Orange"));

    cart.removeProduct("Banana");
//modern range based for loop on the returned const reference
    for(auto const& product : cart.getProductList())
    {
        std::cout << product->getName() << " " << product->getPrice() << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}