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library(dplyr)

数据

data <-
  tibble::tribble(
    ~var1, ~var2, ~var3, ~var4, ~var_total,
    1L,    0L,    0L,    0L,         1L,
    1L,    NA,    2L,    0L,         3L,
    1L,    0L,    0L,    NA,         1L
  )

代码

data %>% 
  rowwise() %>% 
  mutate(var_total = sum(c_across(cols = var1:var4),na.rm = FALSE))

输出

# A tibble: 3 x 5
# Rowwise: 
   var1  var2  var3  var4 var_total
  <int> <int> <int> <int>     <int>
1     1     0     0     0         1
2     1    NA     2     0        NA
3     1     0     0    NA        NA

使用以R为底数的rowSums()：

data$var_total <- rowSums(data[ , 1:4])

或与dplyr：

library(dplyr)

data %>%
  mutate(var_total = rowSums(across(var1:var4)))

任一方法的结果：

var1 var2 var3 var4 var_total
1    1    0    0    0         1
2    1   NA    2    0        NA
3    1    0    0   NA        NA