可以在循环中调用函数strtol：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_NUMBERS 100

int main( void )
{
    char input_string[] =
        "849 763 676 848 864 111 602 240 615 643\n"
        "323 242 538 89 398 570 278 778 818 350\n"
        "629 445 287 197 774 876 998 581 14 736\n";

    char *p = input_string;
    int arr[MAX_NUMBERS];
    int valid_numbers;

    //read one number per loop iteration
    for ( valid_numbers = 0; valid_numbers < MAX_NUMBERS; valid_numbers++ )
    {
        char *q;

        //convert next number
        arr[valid_numbers] = strtol( p, &q, 10 );
        if ( q == p )
        {
            //no more numbers were found, so break out of loop
            break;
        }

        //advance pointer past the matched characters
        p = q;
    }

    //print result
    printf( "Found %d numbers:\n", valid_numbers );
    for ( int i = 0; i < valid_numbers; i++ )
    {
        printf( "arr[%d]: %d\n", i, arr[i] );
    }
}

此程序具有以下输出：

Found 30 numbers:
arr[0]: 849
arr[1]: 763
arr[2]: 676
arr[3]: 848
arr[4]: 864
arr[5]: 111
arr[6]: 602
arr[7]: 240
arr[8]: 615
arr[9]: 643
arr[10]: 323
arr[11]: 242
arr[12]: 538
arr[13]: 89
arr[14]: 398
arr[15]: 570
arr[16]: 278
arr[17]: 778
arr[18]: 818
arr[19]: 350
arr[20]: 629
arr[21]: 445
arr[22]: 287
arr[23]: 197
arr[24]: 774
arr[25]: 876
arr[26]: 998
arr[27]: 581
arr[28]: 14
arr[29]: 736

也可以使用sscanf来解决该问题：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_NUMBERS 100

int main( void )
{
    char input_string[] =
        "849 763 676 848 864 111 602 240 615 643\n"
        "323 242 538 89 398 570 278 778 818 350\n"
        "629 445 287 197 774 876 998 581 14 736\n";

    char *p = input_string;
    int arr[MAX_NUMBERS];
    int valid_numbers;

    //read one number per loop iteration
    for ( valid_numbers = 0; valid_numbers < MAX_NUMBERS; valid_numbers++ )
    {
        int chars_matched;

        //convert next number
        if ( sscanf( p, "%d%n", &arr[valid_numbers], &chars_matched ) != 1 )
        {
            //no more numbers were found, so break out of loop
            break;
        }

        //advance pointer past the matched characters
        p += chars_matched;
    }

    //print result
    printf( "Found %d numbers:\n", valid_numbers );
    for ( int i = 0; i < valid_numbers; i++ )
    {
        printf( "arr[%d]: %d\n", i, arr[i] );
    }
}

第二程序具有与第一程序相同的输出。