通过使用axios GET调用检查response error status来检查url。
代码

const axios = require('axios')

const getTest = async (url) => {
    try {
        const response = await axios.get(
            url,
            {
                headers: {
                    'Accept-Encoding': 'text/html; charset=utf-8',
                }
            }
        );
        return Promise.resolve(response.data);
    } catch (error) {
        return Promise.reject(error);
    }
};

url = 'https://roine.github.com/p1'
getTest(url)
    .then((result) => {
        console.log(JSON.stringify(result, null, 4));
    })
    .catch(error => {
        if(error.response.status == 404) {
            console.error(`This URL ${url} has 404 page`);
        }
    });

简单版本

const axios = require('axios')
url = 'https://roine.github.com/p1'
axios.get(url)
    .catch((error) => {
        if (error.response.status == 404) {
            console.error(`This URL ${url} has 404 page`);
        }
    });

结果

$ node test.js
This URL https://roine.github.com/p1 has 404 page