现在我发现：使用onWhen()额外检查条件以决定是否使用此onException()路由。

/**
     * Sets an additional predicate that should be true before the onException is triggered.
     * <p/>
     * To be used for fine grained controlling whether a thrown exception should be intercepted by this exception type
     * or not.
     *
     * @param  predicate predicate that determines true or false
     * @return           the builder
     */
    public OnExceptionDefinition onWhen(@AsPredicate Predicate predicate) {
        setOnWhen(new WhenDefinition(predicate));
        return this;
    }

所以它变成了：

onException(HttpOperationFailedException.class).onWhen(simple("${exchangeProperty.positive} == true"))
                .maximumRedeliveries(3)
                .handled(true)
                .bean(RecoverableExceptionHandler.class)
                .to(REPLY_QUEUE_ENDPOINT);

onException(HttpOperationFailedException.class).onWhen(simple("${exchangeProperty.positive} == false"))
                .handled(true)
                .bean(RecoverableExceptionHandler.class)
                .to(REPLY_QUEUE_ENDPOINT);