若要加快处理某个范围内的数据的速度，将数据从该范围复制到数组，处理该数组，然后将数据复制回该范围，这样会快得多。
这适用于包含多个单元格的区域：

Dim Lst as Variant ' The array
Dim Idx as Long ' The row index

' First copy the range to an array
Lst = ws_Table.DataBodyRange
For Idx = LBound(Lst) To UBound(Lst)
    ' Change the rows in the array here, for example:
    '     Lst(Idx, 1) = Lst(Idx, 1) * 3
    '
    ' Be aware that you might need to recreate your formulas, as 
    ' it is the results of the forumalas that are copied to the array:
    '     Lst(Idx, 2) = "=1+1"
Next Idx
' Then copy the array back to the range
ws_Table.DataBodyRange = Lst

处理数组之所以快，是因为它是内存中的数据结构，列表对象、范围或单元格是COM对象，引用COM对象需要很长时间。
我推荐的方法只引用COM对象2或3次，而您的示例中使用的方法或Tim威廉姆斯提出的解决方案对范围中的每一行引用COM对象多次。

这可能会快一点：

Dim dtVal, verVal, pos As Long
'...
'...

Application.ScreenUpdating = False
For pos = 1 To ws_Table.ListRows.Count
    With ws_Table.DataBodyRange.Rows(pos)
        
        dtVal = .Cells(Column_Date).Value2
        verVal = .Cells(Column_Verify).Value2
        
        If Len(dtVal) > 0 And verVal <> "OK" Then

            .Cells(Column_Year).Value2 = Year(dtVal)
            .Cells(Column_Month).Value2 = Format(dtVal, "MMMM")

            With .Cells(Column_Compare_1)
                .FormulaLocal = "=1+1"
                .Value = .Value
            End With
            With .Cells(Column_Compare_2)
                .FormulaLocal = "=2+2"
                .Value2 = .Value2
            End With
        End If 'have date and not "OK"
    End With
Next pos