下面是您可以根据需要更改的代码。
示例代码可以在Laravel中作为Helper函数使用，以获取所有子节点。

class UserUtility
{

    public static function children_ids($id)
    {
        $children = UserUtility::flat_children($id);

        return !empty($children) ? array_column($children, 'id') : array();
    }

    public static function flat_children($id)
    {
        $children = UserUtility::get_immediate_children($id, $with_trashed, true, $role_id);

        if (!empty($children)) {
            foreach ($children as $child) {

                $container[] = $child;
                $container = UserUtility::flat_children($child['id'], $with_trashed, $container, $role_id);

            }
        }

        return $container;
    }

    public static function get_immediate_children($id)
    {
        $children = User::withoutGlobalScopes()->where('parent_id', $id)->get();  // get the children data from DB
        $children = $as_array && !is_null($children) ? $children->toArray() : array();
        return $children;
    }
}