这就是整数除法的问题!

int column = sizeof(result[0])/row;

应该是

int column = 7 / 10;

并且在整数除法中为7/10==0。
您要做的是将一行的长度（例如sizeof(result[0])）除以该行中一个元素的大小（例如sizeof(result[0][0])）：

int column = sizeof(result[0])/sizeof(result[0][0]);

使用数组长度宏要方便得多（而且不容易出错）：

#include <stdio.h>

#define LEN(arr) ((int) (sizeof (arr) / sizeof (arr)[0]))

int main(void)
{
    char result[10][7];

    printf("Number of rows: %d\n", LEN(result));
    printf("Number of columns: %d\n", LEN(result[0]));
    return 0;
}

这对我很有效（评论解释了 * 为什么 *）：

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

   char result[10][7] = {

       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
       {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
       {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','2','2'},
       {'1','X','1','X','1','X','2'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
       {'1','X','2','2','1','X','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','X'},
       {'1','1','1','X','2','2','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'}

   }; 

   // 'total' will be 70 = 10 * 7
   int total = sizeof(result);

   // 'column' will be 7 = size of first row
   int column = sizeof(result[0]);

   // 'row' will be 10 = 70 / 7
   int row = total / column;

   printf("Total fields: %d\n", total);
   printf("Number of rows: %d\n", row);
   printf("Number of columns: %d\n", column);

}

它的输出是：

Total of fields: 70
Number of rows: 10
Number of columns: 7

• • 编辑：**

正如@AnorZaken所指出的，将数组作为参数传递给函数并在其上打印sizeof的结果，将输出另一个total。（不是指向它的指针），C会将其作为副本传递，并在其间应用一些C魔术，所以你传递的并不完全和你想的一样。为了确定你在做什么，避免一些额外的CPU工作和内存消耗，最好是通过引用（使用指针）传递数组和对象，所以你可以这样使用，结果和原来的一样：

#include <stdio.h>

void foo(char (*result)[10][7])
{
   // 'total' will be 70 = 10 * 7
   int total = sizeof(*result);

   // 'column' will be 7 = size of first row
   int column = sizeof((*result)[0]);

   // 'row' will be 10 = 70 / 7
   int row = total / column;

   printf("Total fields: %d\n", total);
   printf("Number of rows: %d\n", row);
   printf("Number of columns: %d\n", column);

}

int main(void) {

   char result[10][7] = {

       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
       {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
       {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','2','2'},
       {'1','X','1','X','1','X','2'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
       {'1','X','2','2','1','X','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','X'},
       {'1','1','1','X','2','2','1'},
       {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'}

   };

   foo(&result);

   return 0;
}

// gets you the total size of the 2d array 
    printf("Arrays Total size: %ld\n",sizeof(result));

    // gets you the cumulative size of row which is 5 columns * sizeof(int)
    printf("1 row cumulative size: %ld\n",sizeof(result[0]));

    // division of total array size with cumulative size of row gets you total number of rows
    printf("total number of rows: %ld\n",sizeof(result)/sizeof(result[0]));

    // and total number of columns you get by dividing cumulative row size with sizeof(char)
    printf("total number of columns: %ld\n",sizeof(result[0])/sizeof(char));

使用下面代码中显示的宏来获取1D、2D或3D数组的任何维度大小。可以编写更多类似的宏来获取4D数组的维度。（我知道现在对Wickerman来说已经太晚了，但这些是给访问此页面的任何人的）

// Output of the following program
// [
/*

Demo of the advertised macros :
----------------------------------------------
sizeof(int) = 4
sizeof(Array_1D) = 12
ELEMENTS_IN_1D_ARRAY(Array_1D) = 3
sizeof(Array_2D) = 24
ELEMENTS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D) = 6
ROWS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D) = 2
COLUMNS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D) = 3
sizeof(Array_3D) = 96
ELEMENTS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D) = 24
MATRICES_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D) = 4
ROWS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D) = 2
COLUMNS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D) = 3

Array_3D[][][] Printed :
----------------------------------------------
 001 002 003
 011 012 013
---------------
 101 102 103
 111 112 113
---------------
 201 202 203
 211 212 213
---------------
 301 302 303
 311 312 313
---------------

Wickerman's problem solved :
----------------------------------------------
sizeof(result) = 70
ELEMENTS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result) = 70
ROWS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result) = 10
COLUMNS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result) = 7

*/
// ]

// ====================================================================================================
// Program follows
// ====================================================================================================

// Array Size Macros
// [
#define ELEMENTS_IN_1D_ARRAY(a1D)   ( sizeof( a1D       ) / sizeof( a1D[0]          )) // Total no. of elements in 1D array
#define ELEMENTS_IN_2D_ARRAY(a2D)   ( sizeof( a2D       ) / sizeof( a2D[0][0]       )) // Total no. of elements in 2D array
#define ROWS_IN_2D_ARRAY(a2D)       ( sizeof( a2D       ) / sizeof( a2D[0]          )) // No. of Rows in a 2D array
#define COLUMNS_IN_2D_ARRAY(a2D)    ( sizeof( a2D[0]    ) / sizeof( a2D[0][0]       )) // No. of Columns in a 2D array
#define ELEMENTS_IN_3D_ARRAY(a3D)   ( sizeof( a3D       ) / sizeof( a3D[0][0][0]    )) // Total no. of elements in 3D array
#define MATRICES_IN_3D_ARRAY(a3D)   ( sizeof( a3D       ) / sizeof( a3D[0]          )) // No. of "Matrices" (aka "Slices"/"Pages") in a 3D array
#define ROWS_IN_3D_ARRAY(a3D)       ( sizeof( a3D[0]    ) / sizeof( a3D[0][0]       )) // No. of Rows in each "Matrix" of a 3D array
#define COLUMNS_IN_3D_ARRAY(a3D)    ( sizeof( a3D[0][0] ) / sizeof( a3D[0][0][0]    )) // No. of Columns in each "Matrix" of a 3D array
// ]

#define PRINTF_d(s) (printf(#s " = %d\n", (int)(s)))    // Macro to print a decimal no. along with its corresponding decimal expression string,
                                                        // while avoiding to write the decimal expression twice.

// Demo of the Array Size Macros defined above
// [
main()
{
    // Sample array definitions
    // [
    int Array_1D[3] = {1, 2, 3};    // 1D array

    int Array_2D[2][3] =            // 2D array
    {
        {1,  2,  3},
        {11, 12, 13}
    };

    int Array_3D[4][2][3] =         // 3D Array
    {
        {
            {1,   2,   3},
            {11,  12,  13}
        },
        {
            {101, 102, 103},
            {111, 112, 113}
        },
        {
            {201, 202, 203},
            {211, 212, 213}
        },
        {
            {301, 302, 303},
            {311, 312, 313}
        }
    };
    // ]

    // Printing sizes and dimensions of arrays with the advertised Array Size Macros
    printf(
    "Demo of the advertised macros :\n"
    "----------------------------------------------\n");
    PRINTF_d(sizeof(int));
    PRINTF_d(sizeof(Array_1D));
    PRINTF_d(ELEMENTS_IN_1D_ARRAY(Array_1D));
    PRINTF_d(sizeof(Array_2D));
    PRINTF_d(ELEMENTS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D));
    PRINTF_d(ROWS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D));
    PRINTF_d(COLUMNS_IN_2D_ARRAY(Array_2D));
    PRINTF_d(sizeof(Array_3D));
    PRINTF_d(ELEMENTS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D));
    PRINTF_d(MATRICES_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D));
    PRINTF_d(ROWS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D));
    PRINTF_d(COLUMNS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D));

    // Printing all elements in Array_3D using advertised macros
    // [
    int x, y, z;

    printf(
    "\nArray_3D[][][] Printed :\n"
    "----------------------------------------------\n");

    for(x = 0; x < MATRICES_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D); x++)
    {
        for(y = 0; y < ROWS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D); y++)
        {
            for(z = 0; z < COLUMNS_IN_3D_ARRAY(Array_3D); z++)
                printf("%4.3i", Array_3D[x][y][z]);
            putchar('\n');
        }
        printf("---------------\n");
    }
    // ]

    // Applying those macros to solve the originally stated problem by Wickerman
    // [
    char result[10][7] = {
        {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
        {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
        {'X','1','1','2','2','1','1'},
        {'1','X','2','X','2','2','2'},
        {'1','X','1','X','1','X','2'},
        {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'},
        {'1','X','2','2','1','X','1'},
        {'1','X','2','X','2','1','X'},
        {'1','1','1','X','2','2','1'},
        {'1','X','2','X','2','1','1'}
    };

    printf(
    "\nWickerman's problem solved :\n"
    "----------------------------------------------\n");
    PRINTF_d(sizeof(result)); // radha_SIZEOF_2D_ARRAY
    PRINTF_d(ELEMENTS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result)); // radha_SIZEOF_2D_ARRAY
    PRINTF_d(ROWS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result));
    PRINTF_d(COLUMNS_IN_2D_ARRAY(result));
    // ]
}
// ]

其他的答案很好地解释了这个概念，但对初学者来说并不友好;所以这是我的版本-

#include <stdio.h>

    void main() {

      int arr [][3] = { {1,2,3 },
                       {4,5,6} };

      
        int size_row = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
        int size_col = sizeof(arr[0])/sizeof(arr[0][0]);

        printf("Length of row : %d\n",size_row); *Output 24*
        printf("Length of column : %d",size_col); *Output 3*

        printf("\nTotal size of array : %d",sizeof(arr)); *Output 24*
        printf("\nSize of entire first row : %d",sizeof(arr[0])); *Output 12*
     printf("\nSize of first element of first row : %d",sizeof(arr[0][0])); *Output 3*

}

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("\nSize of 2-D Array:\n");
int arr[20][30]={{1,2,3,4,5},{2,1,6,7,8},{3,1,6,7,8}};
int row=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
int col=sizeof(arr[0])/sizeof(arr[0][0]);
printf("Number of Row: %d",row);
printf("\nNumber of Col: %d",col);
return 0;
}