使用gnu-awk时，您可以使用以下解决方案：

cat med.awk

function med(d) {
   return gensub(/\./, ",", "1", sprintf("%.4f",
      (n%2 ? d[(n+1)/2] : (d[n/2] + d[n/2+1]) / 2)))
}
BEGIN {
   FS = ","
   OFS = "\t"
}
NR > 1 {
   a[$0] = $2
}
END {
   PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_num_asc"   # this is for sorting
   print "Continent", "Median
   for (i in a) {
      k = gensub(/,.*/, "", "1", i)
      if (k != pk) {
         if (pk)
            print pk, med(d)
         n = 0
         delete d
      }
      d[++n] = a[i]
      pk = k
   }
   print pk, med(d)
}

然后将其用作：

awk -f med.awk file | column -t -s $'\t'

Continent                        Median
Africa                           2,2513
Asia                             3,1765
Europe                           0,8287
Latin America and the Caribbean  1,4165

为了好玩，您可以在单个gawk脚本中编写此代码，但要与sort协调，使用two-way pipe (or coprocess)：

中值.awk

#!/usr/bin/env gawk -f

function median(values, _, len) {
  len = length(values)

  if (len % 2 == 1) {
    return values[(len + 1) / 2]
  } else {
    return (values[int(len / 2)] + values[int(len / 2) + 1]) / 2
  }
}

BEGIN {
  # Set (Input) Field and Output Field Separators.
  FS = OFS = ","

  # The `sort` process to which we'll send data.
  #
  # -t,    → set command as the input separator
  # -k1,1  → 1st sort key starts at the 1st field and ends at the 1st field
  # -k2,2n → 2nd sort key starts at the 2nd field and ends at the 2nd field
  #          and use numeric comparisons.
  sorted = "LC_ALL=C sort -t, -k1,1 -k2,2n"
}

NR == 1 {
  next # skip first line
}

{
  # Pipe incoming lines to a sorting coprocess.
  # See: https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Two_002dway-I_002fO.html
  print $0 |& sorted
}

END {
  # Close the writing end of the `sorted` pipe.
  close(sorted, "to")

  while (1) {
    # Read sorted data.
    more = sorted |& getline

    # Print median when there's no more data or when we're switching between regions.
    if (!more || (region && region != $1)) {
      print region, sprintf("%.6f", median(vals))
      vals_i = 0
      delete vals
    }

    # Clean up when there's no more data.
    if (!more) {
      close(sorted)
      break
    }

    region = $1
    vals[++vals_i] = $2
  }
}

结果

$ ./median.awk data.txt 
Africa,2.251327
Asia,3.176456
Europe,0.828664
Latin America and the Caribbean,1.416472