假设dates定义为jsonb，user_id定义为int[]，您可以执行以下操作：

select u.user_id, 
       d.dates,
       t."type", 
       t.time_start, 
       t.time_end
from the_table t
  cross join unnest(t.user_id) as u(user_id)
  cross join jsonb_array_elements_text(t.dates) as d(dates)
order by u.user_id, d.date

如果dates不是jsonb列，则需要对其进行强制转换：jsonb_array_elements_text(t.dates::jsonb)
Online example