也许你是认真的？

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct player_exception {
    enum err_type { index_out_of_bounds, missing_file, invalid_board };
    err_type t;
    std::string msg;
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    
    try {
        throw player_exception{ player_exception::index_out_of_bounds, "index_out_of_bounds" };
    }
    catch (const player_exception& e)
    {
        std::cerr << "Exception caught: " << e.msg << std::endl;
    }
    
}