TextField组件不支持errorMessage字段。
您可以使用以下方法轻松实现：

var text by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf("") }
var isError by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(false) }

fun validate(text: String) {
    isError = /* .... */
}

Column {
    TextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = {
            text = it
            isError = false
        },
        trailingIcon = {
            if (isError)
            Icon(Icons.Filled.Error,"error", tint = MaterialTheme.colors.error)
        },
        singleLine = true,
        isError = isError,
        keyboardActions = KeyboardActions { validate(text) },
    )
    if (isError) {
        Text(
            text = "Error message",
            color = MaterialTheme.colors.error,
            style = MaterialTheme.typography.caption,
            modifier = Modifier.padding(start = 16.dp)
        )
    }
}

这是一个可以复制粘贴到代码中的现成组合。它有一个名为error的String字段，当它不为空时将显示错误（这样你只有一个状态变量需要跟踪）。它有点冗长，所以你可以像定制任何OutlinedTextField一样定制它。

样品用量

OutlinedTextFieldValidation(
        value = studentState.firstName.value,
        onValueChange = { onFirstNameChange(it) },
        label = { Text(text = "First name") },
        error = "field cannot be empty"
    )

要复制的代码：

@Composable
fun OutlinedTextFieldValidation(
    value: String,
    onValueChange: (String) -> Unit,
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier.fillMaxWidth(0.8f),
    enabled: Boolean = true,
    readOnly: Boolean = false,
    textStyle: TextStyle = LocalTextStyle.current,
    label: @Composable (() -> Unit)? = null,
    placeholder: @Composable (() -> Unit)? = null,
    leadingIcon: @Composable (() -> Unit)? = null,
    error: String = "",
    isError: Boolean = error.isNotEmpty(),
    trailingIcon: @Composable (() -> Unit)? = {
        if (error.isNotEmpty())
            Icon(Icons.Filled.Error, "error", tint = MaterialTheme.colors.error)
    },
    visualTransformation: VisualTransformation = VisualTransformation.None,
    keyboardOptions: KeyboardOptions = KeyboardOptions.Default,
    keyboardActions: KeyboardActions = KeyboardActions.Default,
    singleLine: Boolean = true,
    maxLines: Int = Int.MAX_VALUE,
    interactionSource: MutableInteractionSource = remember { MutableInteractionSource() },
    shape: Shape = MaterialTheme.shapes.small,
    colors: TextFieldColors = TextFieldDefaults.outlinedTextFieldColors(
        disabledTextColor = Color.Black
    )

) {

    Column(modifier = modifier
        .padding(8.dp)) {
        OutlinedTextField(
            enabled = enabled,
            readOnly = readOnly,
            value = value,
            onValueChange = onValueChange,
            modifier = Modifier
                .fillMaxWidth(),
            singleLine = singleLine,
            textStyle = textStyle,
            label = label,
            placeholder = placeholder,
            leadingIcon = leadingIcon,
            trailingIcon = trailingIcon,
            isError = isError,
            visualTransformation = visualTransformation,
            keyboardOptions = keyboardOptions,
            keyboardActions = keyboardActions,
            maxLines = maxLines,
            interactionSource = interactionSource,
            shape = shape,
            colors = colors
        )
        if (error.isNotEmpty()) {
            Text(
                text = error,
                color = MaterialTheme.colors.error,
                style = MaterialTheme.typography.caption,
                modifier = Modifier.padding(start = 16.dp, top = 0.dp)
            )
        }
    }
}

更新

在Jetpack合成材质3版本1.0.0（2022年10月24日发布）中，我们可以在OutlinedTextField中使用supportingText属性

• • 来自文档的图片**
    

supportingText取一个可组合的。

• • 参考**

编写Material 3发布说明

更新了@Gabriele Mariotti解决方案的答案，该解决方案可与最新的Compose和Material 3配合使用：

var text by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf("") }
var isError by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf(false) }

fun validate(text: String) {
    isError = /* .... */
}

Column {
    TextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = {
            text = it
            isError = false
        },
        trailingIcon = {
            if (isError)
            Icon(Icons.Filled.Info, "Error", tint = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.error)
        },
        singleLine = true,
        isError = isError,
        keyboardActions = KeyboardActions { validate(text) },
    )
    if (isError) {
        Text(
            text = "Error message",
            color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.error,
            style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodySmall,
            modifier = Modifier.padding(start = 16.dp)
        )
    }
}