来自手册：www.example.comhttp://api.jqueryui.com/datepicker/#option-dateFormat

$( ".selector" ).datepicker({ dateFormat: "yy-mm-dd" });

在您的代码中：

$('.week-picker').datepicker( {
    showOtherMonths: true,
    selectOtherMonths: true,
    dateFormat: "dd/mm",

您的代码看起来很好，但仅当firstDay为1时有效，已更新代码以使用您提供的html

$(function() {
  //removed all variables
  var selectCurrentWeek = function() {
    window.setTimeout(function () {
      $('.week-picker').find('.ui-datepicker-current-day a')
        .addClass('ui-state-active')
    }, 1);
  }

  //changed this function
  $('.week-picker').datepicker( {
    showOtherMonths: true,
    selectOtherMonths: true,
    dateFormat: "mm/dd",
    firstDay: 1, // Start with Monday
    onSelect: function(dateText, inst) { 
      var date = $(this).datepicker('getDate'),
      start = inst.settings.firstDay || $.datepicker._defaults.firstDay,
      year = date.getFullYear(),month = date.getMonth(),
      day = (date.getDate()-date.getDay()),
      elIds=["#monDate","#tueDate","#wedDate","#thuDate","#friDate","#satDate",
        "#sunDate","#startDate","#endDate"],
      i=-1,start,dates=[],
      dateFormat = inst.settings.dateFormat || 
        $.datepicker._defaults.dateFormat,
      day=(date.getDay()<start)?(day+start)-7:day+start;
      while(++i<7){
        dates.push(new Date(year,month,day+i));
        $(elIds[i]).val($.datepicker.formatDate( dateFormat, dates[i]
          , inst.settings ));
      }
      i=-1;
      $(elIds[7]).val($.datepicker.formatDate( dateFormat, dates[0],
        inst.settings ));
      $(elIds[8]).val($.datepicker.formatDate( dateFormat, dates[6],
        inst.settings ));
      selectCurrentWeek();
    },
  });
  $('.week-picker .ui-datepicker-calendar tr').on('mousemove', function() {
    $(this).find('td a').addClass('ui-state-hover'); 
  });
  $('.week-picker .ui-datepicker-calendar tr').on('mouseleave', function() {
    $(this).find('td a').removeClass('ui-state-hover');
  });
});

我向Date原型添加了addSeconds(seconds)、subtractSeconds(seconds)和format(some_format)，format函数使用与MySQL DATE_FORMAT函数完全相同的格式。
示例...从your fiddle中的startDate开始

var startDate = new Date(date.getFullYear(), date.getMonth(), date.getDate() - date.getDay());
for (var x = 1; x <= 7; ++x) {
  // add 1 day (in seconds)
  startDate.addSeconds(24 * 60 * 60);
  alert("day " + x + " = " + startDate.format("%m/%d"));
}

复制并粘贴所有这些代码，这些代码扩展了Date对象的功能。

/**
 * Add a number of seconds to the current date
 * @return Date The date object
 */
Date.prototype.addSeconds = function(seconds) {
  var time = this.getTime();
  alert("time = " + time);
  time += seconds * 1000;
  this.setTime(time);
  return this;
}

/**
 * Subtract a number of seconds to the current date
 * @return Date The date object
 */
Date.prototype.subtractSeconds = function(seconds) {
  var time = this.getTime();
  alert("time = " + time);
  time -= seconds * 1000;
  this.setTime(Math.max(0, time));
  return this;
}

/**
 * DATE
 *   format() - uses MySQL date formatting... a few of the more obscure formats are left unfinished
 */
Date.prototype.format = function(format) {
  var short_months = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"];
  var months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"];
  var short_days = ["Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"];
  var days = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"];

  var escaped = false;
  var pieces = new Array();
  for (var x = 0; x < format.length; ++x) {
    if (!escaped) {
      if (format.charAt(x) != "%") {
        pieces.push(format.charAt(x));
      } else {
        escaped = true;
      }
      continue;
    }

    switch (format.charAt(x)) {
    case "a":
      pieces.push(short_days[this.getDay()]); break;
    case "b":
      pieces.push(short_months[this.getMonth()]); break;
    case "c":
      pieces.push(Number(this.getMonth()) + 1); break;
    case "D":
      pieces.push(this.getDate()); break;
    case "d":
      var day_of_month = new String(this.getDate());
      pieces.push(day_of_month.pad(2, "0")); break;
    case "e":
      pieces.push(this.getDate()); break;
    case "f":
      var microseconds = new String(this.getMilliseconds() * 1000);
      pieces.push(microseconds.pad(6, "0")); break;
    case "H":
      pieces.push(this.getHours()); break;
    case "h":
      var hours = this.getHours() % 12;
      hours = (hours == 0) ? "12" : new String(hours);
      pieces.push(hours.pad(2, "0")); break;
    case "I":
      var hours = this.getHours() % 12;
      hours = (hours == 0) ? "12" : new String(hours);
      pieces.push(hours.pad(2, "0")); break;
    case "i":
      var minutes = new String(this.getMinutes());
      pieces.push(minutes.pad(2, "0")); break;
    case "j": // day of the year 001...365
      pieces.push("???"); break;
    case "k":
      pieces.push(this.getHours()); break;
    case "l":
      var hours = this.getHours() % 12;
      pieces.push((hours == 0) ? "12" : hours); break;
    case "M":
      pieces.push(months[this.getMonth()]); break;
    case "m":
      var month = new String(Number(this.getMonth()) + 1);
      pieces.push(month.pad(2, "0")); break;
    case "p":
      pieces.push((this.getHours() < 12) ? "AM" : "PM"); break;
    case "r": // 12-hour hh:mm:ss AM/PM
      pieces.push("?"); break;
    case "S": case "s":
      pieces.push(this.getSeconds()); break;
    case "T": // 24-hour hh:mm:ss
      pieces.push("?"); break;
    case "u": case "U":
    case "v": case "V":
      pieces.push("?"); break;
    case "W":
      pieces.push(days[this.getDay()]); break;
    case "w":
      pieces.push(this.getDay()); break;
    case "x": case "X": // year for the week w/sunday or monday starting???
      pieces.push("?"); break;
    case "Y":
      pieces.push(this.getFullYear()); break;
    case "y":
      var full_year = new String(this.getFullYear());
      pieces.push(full_year.substr(2, 2)); break;
    default:
      pieces.push(format.charAt(x)); break;
    }
    escaped = false;
  }

  return pieces.join("");
}