我知道我来晚了一点，但我也有同样的问题，我想我应该分享我是如何解决这个问题的，希望它能帮助其他人。
首先，我创建了一个新接口（在它自己的文件中），以便在MainActivity和React Native模块之间建立一个契约：

public interface OnActivityResultImplementation<S, T> {
    S execute(T a);
}

在我的主要活动中，我有以下内容：

public class MainActivity extends ReactActivity {
protected OnActivityResultImplementation onActivityResultImplementation = null;
protected ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> mStartForResult = registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(),
        result -> {
            onActivityResultImplementation.execute(result);
        });
   ...
}

然后在React原生模块中，我将其设置为：

public class RCTPushProvisioningModule extends ReactContextBaseJavaModule {

@ReactMethod
public void callNativeApiMethod(final Promise promise) {
    MainActivity activity = (MainActivity) this.getReactApplicationContext().getCurrentActivity();
    activity.onActivityResultImplementation = result -> {
        ActivityResult activityResult = (ActivityResult) result;
        switch (activityResult.getResultCode()) {
            case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                promise.resolve(OK);
                break;
            case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
                promise.resolve(CANCELED);
                break;
            default:
                promise.reject(ERROR_CODE, "FAILED");
                break;
        }
        return null;
    };

    // Use the ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> from MainActivity to wire the whole thing up.
    fictiveNativeApi.callMethodThatRequiresActivityResultLauncher(activity.mStartForResult);
  }
}