QFileDialog目前不支持这个功能，我认为这里的主要问题是FileMode不是Q_FLAGS，值也不是2的幂，所以，你不能写这个来解决这个问题。

setFileMode(QFileDialog::Directory|QFileDialog::ExistingFiles)

要解决这个问题，你需要相当多的摆弄，例如：

• 覆盖打开按钮单击操作。
• 获取文件和目录的“treeview”索引。

我下面的尝试演示了前者，但我并没有真正解决第二个问题，因为这似乎涉及到更多的选择模型的摆弄。

主文件. cpp

#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QWidget>
#include <QTreeWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QStringList>
#include <QModelIndex>
#include <QDir>
#include <QDebug>

class FileDialog : public QFileDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
    public:
        explicit FileDialog(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
            : QFileDialog(parent)
        {
            setOption(QFileDialog::DontUseNativeDialog);
            setFileMode(QFileDialog::Directory);
            // setFileMode(QFileDialog::ExistingFiles);
            for (auto *pushButton : findChildren<QPushButton*>()) {
                qDebug() << pushButton->text();
                if (pushButton->text() == "&Open" || pushButton->text() == "&Choose") {
                    openButton = pushButton;
                    break;
                }
            }
            disconnect(openButton, SIGNAL(clicked(bool)));
            connect(openButton, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &FileDialog::openClicked);
            treeView = findChild<QTreeView*>();
        }

        QStringList selected() const
        {
            return selectedFilePaths;
        }

    public slots:
        void openClicked()
        {
            selectedFilePaths.clear();
            qDebug() << treeView->selectionModel()->selection();
            for (const auto& modelIndex : treeView->selectionModel()->selectedIndexes()) {
                qDebug() << modelIndex.column();
                if (modelIndex.column() == 0)
                    selectedFilePaths.append(directory().absolutePath() + modelIndex.data().toString());
            }
            emit filesSelected(selectedFilePaths);
            hide();
            qDebug() << selectedFilePaths;
       }

    private:
        QTreeView *treeView;
        QPushButton *openButton;
        QStringList selectedFilePaths;
};

#include "main.moc"

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    QApplication application(argc, argv);
    FileDialog fileDialog;
    fileDialog.show();
    return application.exec();
}

main.pro

TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = main
QT += widgets
CONFIG += c++11
SOURCES += main.cpp

构建和运行

qmake && make && ./main

很老的问题，但是我想我有一个比大多数懒惰的人更简单的解决方案。你可以把QFileDialog的currentChanged信号和一个动态改变fileMode的函数连接起来。

//header
class my_main_win:public QMainWindow  
{
private:
    QFileDialog file_dialog;    
}

//constructor 

my_main_win(QWidget * parent):QMainWindow(parent)
{
    connect(&file_dialog,QFileDialog::currentChanged,this,[&](const QString & str)
        {
        QFileInfo info(str);
        if(info.isFile())
            file_dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog::ExistingFile);
        else if(info.isDir())
            file_dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog::Directory);
    });
}

然后简单地调用file_dialog。

if(file_dialog.exec()){
    QStringList dir_names=file_dialog.selectedFiles():
}

对我有效的方法是用途：

file_dialog.setProxyModel(nullptr);

如此处所述，或

class FileFilterProxyModel : public QSortFilterProxyModel
{
protected:
    virtual bool filterAcceptsRow(int sourceRow, const QModelIndex& sourceParent) const
    {
        QFileSystemModel* fileModel = qobject_cast<QFileSystemModel*>(sourceModel());
        return (fileModel!=NULL && fileModel->isDir(sourceModel()->index(sourceRow, 0, sourceParent))) || QSortFilterProxyModel::filterAcceptsRow(sourceRow, sourceParent);
    }
};
...
FileFilterProxyModel* proxyModel = new FileFilterProxyModel;
file_dialog.setProxyModel(proxyModel);

如建议here，或

class FileDialog : public QFileDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit FileDialog(QWidget *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
        : QFileDialog(parent)
    {
        m_btnOpen = NULL;
        m_listView = NULL;
        m_treeView = NULL;
        m_selectedFiles.clear();

        this->setOption(QFileDialog::DontUseNativeDialog, true);
        this->setFileMode(QFileDialog::Directory);
        QList<QPushButton*> btns = this->findChildren<QPushButton*>();
        for (int i = 0; i < btns.size(); ++i) {
            QString text = btns[i]->text();
            if (text.toLower().contains("open") || text.toLower().contains("choose"))
            {
                m_btnOpen = btns[i];
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!m_btnOpen) return;

        m_btnOpen->installEventFilter(this);
        //connect(m_btnOpen, SIGNAL(changed()), this, SLOT(btnChanged()))
        m_btnOpen->disconnect(SIGNAL(clicked()));
        connect(m_btnOpen, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(chooseClicked()));

        m_listView = findChild<QListView*>("listView");
        if (m_listView)
            m_listView->setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView::ExtendedSelection);

        m_treeView = findChild<QTreeView*>();
        if (m_treeView)
            m_treeView->setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView::ExtendedSelection);
    }

    QStringList selectedFiles()
    {
        return m_selectedFiles;
    }

    bool eventFilter( QObject* watched, QEvent* event )
    {
        QPushButton *btn = qobject_cast<QPushButton*>(watched);
        if (btn)
        {
            if(event->type()==QEvent::EnabledChange) {
                if (!btn->isEnabled())
                    btn->setEnabled(true);
            }
        }

        return QWidget::eventFilter(watched, event);
    }

public slots:
    void chooseClicked()
    {
        QModelIndexList indexList = m_listView->selectionModel()->selectedIndexes();
        foreach (QModelIndex index, indexList)
        {
            if (index.column()== 0)
                m_selectedFiles.append(this->directory().absolutePath() + "/" + index.data().toString());
        }
        QDialog::accept();
    }

private:
    QListView *m_listView;
    QTreeView *m_treeView;
    QPushButton *m_btnOpen;
    QStringList m_selectedFiles;
};

正如这里所建议的。原作者和我的学分。

连接currentChanged信号，然后将文件模式设置为当前选定的项（目录或文件）。

class GroupFileObjectDialog(QFileDialog):

    def __init__(self, parent):
        super().__init__(parent)
        self.setOption(QFileDialog.DontUseNativeDialog)
        self.setFileMode(QFileDialog.Directory)
        self.currentChanged.connect(self._selected)

    def _selected(self,name):
        if os.path.isdir(name):
            self.setFileMode(QFileDialog.Directory)
        else:
            self.setFileMode(QFileDialog.ExistingFile)

在Linux /Ubuntu 18.04上运行的PyQt 5.14上进行了测试。