#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netdb.h>
....
const char *ip6str = "::2";
struct sockaddr_storage result;
socklen_t result_len;
struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
struct addrinfo hints;
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_flags = AI_DEFAULT | AI_NUMERICHOST | AI_NUMERICSERV;
rc = getaddrinfo(ip6str, NULL, &hints, &res);
if (rc != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failure to parse host '%s': %s (%d)", ip6str, gai_strerror(rc), rc);
return -1;
}
if (res == NULL)
{
// Failure to resolve 'ip6str'
fprintf(stderr, "No host found for '%s'", ip6str);
return -1;
}
// We use the first returned entry
result_len = res->ai_addrlen;
memcpy(&result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
freeaddrinfo(res);
IPv6地址存储在struct sockaddr_storage result变量中。
if (result.ss_family == AF_INET6) // Ensure that we deal with IPv6
{
struct sockaddr_in6 * sa6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *) &result;
struct in6_addr * in6 = &sa6->sin6_addr;
in6->s6_addr[0]; // This is a first byte of the IPv6
in6->s6_addr[15]; // This is a last byte of the IPv6
}
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
#define PRINT_IPV6_STR "[%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x:%.2x%.2x]"
#define PRINT_IPV6_VAL(ipaddr) ipaddr[0],ipaddr[1],ipaddr[2],ipaddr[3],ipaddr[4],ipaddr[5],ipaddr[6],ipaddr[7],ipaddr[8],ipaddr[9],ipaddr[10],ipaddr[11],ipaddr[12],ipaddr[13],ipaddr[14],ipaddr[15]
void getIpv6SubStr(const string inp, unsigned char* arr, unsigned char &dcolonIdx, unsigned char& arrIdxCnt)
{
unsigned char len=inp.size();
unsigned char j=0;
unsigned char k=0;
string t_str;
for(unsigned char i=0; i<=len-1; i++)
{
if(((i!=0) && (inp[i] == ':') && (inp[i-1] == ':')) ||
((i==0) && (inp[i] == ':') && (inp[i+1] == ':')))
{
dcolonIdx = k;
continue;
}
t_str[j++] = inp[i];
t_str[j]='\0';
if((inp[i] == ':') || (i==len-1))
{
unsigned short temp = stol (t_str,nullptr,16);
arr[k++] = temp>>8;
arr[k++] = temp;
j=0;
t_str.clear();
continue;
}
}
arrIdxCnt = k;
printf("\n Input-ipv6-str[%s] Ipv6-substr" PRINT_IPV6_STR " dcolonIdx[%d] arrIdxCnt[%d]",
inp.c_str(), PRINT_IPV6_VAL(arr), dcolonIdx,arrIdxCnt);
}
void convertIpv6StringToAddr(const string inp, unsigned char* arr)
{
unsigned char substr_arr[16] = {};
unsigned char dcolonIdx = 0xFF;
unsigned char arrIdxCnt = 0;
/* Get the rcvd ipv6 address */
getIpv6SubStr(inp, substr_arr, dcolonIdx, arrIdxCnt);
/* If doubleColon is not present in rcvd IPv6 address, then the parsed ipv6 address can be directly used */
if(dcolonIdx == 0xFF)
{
memcpy(arr, substr_arr, 16);
printf("\n Input-ipv6-str[%s] Converted-Ipv6-Addr-Val" PRINT_IPV6_STR,
inp.c_str(), PRINT_IPV6_VAL(arr));
return;
}
/**
* If doubleColon is present in rcvd IPv6 address, then we should repace it with required number of 0's
* For eg:
* - if rcvd ipv6 address is "a1:a2:a3::a6:a7:a8" then the output ipv6 should be
* "00a1:00a2:00a3:0000:0000:00a6:00a7:00a8"
* - if rcvd ipv6 address is "::124" then the output ipv6 should be
* "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0124"
*/
unsigned char idxZeros = 0;
/**
* if rcvd IPv6 address starts with doubleColon,
* find the number of indices which need to filled with Zeros.
* then from idx=0 fill zeros until the required idx, and then fill the rcvd ipv6 address
* eg: "::124" => "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0124"
*/
if(dcolonIdx == 0)
{
idxZeros = 16-arrIdxCnt;
memcpy(&arr[idxZeros], substr_arr, arrIdxCnt);
printf("\n Input-ipv6-str[%s] Converted-Ipv6-Addr-Val" PRINT_IPV6_STR,
inp.c_str(), PRINT_IPV6_VAL(arr));
return;
}
/**
* if rcvd IPv6 address contians doubleColon inbetween,
* find the number of indices which need to filled with Zeros and the position of doubleColon,
* then from the position of doubleColon fill zeros until the required idx, and fill the rcvd
* ipv6 address in its required indices
* eg: "a1:a2:a3::a6:a7:a8" => "00a1:00a2:00a3:0000:0000:00a6:00a7:00a8"
*/
idxZeros = 16-arrIdxCnt;
memcpy(arr, substr_arr, dcolonIdx);
memcpy(&arr[dcolonIdx+idxZeros], &substr_arr[dcolonIdx], arrIdxCnt-dcolonIdx);
printf("\n Input-ipv6-str[%s] Converted-Ipv6-Addr-Val" PRINT_IPV6_STR,
inp.c_str(), PRINT_IPV6_VAL(arr));
}
void test_ut(int i, string str)
{
printf("\n%d.",i);
unsigned char arr[16] = {};
convertIpv6StringToAddr(str, arr);
i++;
}
int main()
{
test_ut(1, "a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:e5:6f:0001");
test_ut(2, "a1");
test_ut(3, "a1::");
test_ut(4, "a1::1");
test_ut(5, "a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5");
test_ut(6, "a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5:6f:1");
test_ut(7, "::e5:0:678");
return 0;
}
8条答案
按热度按时间9rbhqvlz1#
您可以使用POSIX
inet_pton
将字符串转换为struct in6_addr
。3pvhb19x2#
getaddrinfo()
可以理解IPv6地址。在提示中将AF_INET6以及AI_NUMERICHOST(以防止DNS查找)传递给它。Linux具有此功能,Windows从Windows XP开始具有此功能。gpnt7bae3#
您可以使用
getaddrinfo()
POSIX函数。它比inet_pton()
更灵活,例如它可以自动检测IPv4和IPv6地址格式,甚至可以解析主机名(使用DNS解析)和端口/服务名(使用/etc/services
)。IPv6地址存储在
struct sockaddr_storage result
变量中。y3bcpkx14#
要在C语言中解析IPv6,您需要自己构建一个实用函数,该函数对字符串进行标记化(冒号表示十六进制块,正斜杠表示子网位)。
1.将原始IPv6字符串标记为较小的子字符串。
1.将非空子字符串转换为十六进制块。(ASCII到十进制转换)
1.通过在前面填充零将十六进制块扩展为2个字节。(只有前导零被修剪)
1.完整的IPv6应该有8个十六进制块,计算丢失的十六进制块。(零分组只能发生一次)
1.重新插入丢失的十六进制块。(使用空子字符串的索引)
yuvru6vn5#
在Windows中,您可以使用
WSAStringToAddress
,它从Windows 2000开始提供。a14dhokn6#
Rosetta提供多种语言的示例:https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Parse_an_IP_Address
woobm2wo7#
如果您可以使用Boost,应该可以执行如下操作:
例如,它比POSIX特定函数更容易移植。
lg40wkob8#
我已经创建了自己的函数来将ipv6字符串转换为数组中的ipv6值,而不需要任何像"boost"这样的外部库的帮助。它适用于任何格式的ipv6地址。
输出:
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:e5:6f:0001] IPv6-子字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:00e5:006f:0001] dcolonIdx [255] arrIdxCnt [16]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:e5:6f:0001]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:00e5:006f:0001]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1] IPv6-子字符串[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000] dcolonIdx [255] arrIdxCnt [2]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1::] IPv6-子字符串[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000] dcolonIdx [2] arrIdxCnt [2]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1::]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1::1] IPv6-子字符串[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000]数据集标识x [2] arrIdxCnt [4]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1::1]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[00a1:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5] IPv6-子字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:00e5:0000:0000:0000] dcolonIdx [8] arrIdxCnt [10]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:0000:000e5]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5:6f:1] IPv6-子字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:00e5:006f:0001:0000] dcolonIdx [8] arrIdxCnt [14]输入-IPv6-字符串[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8::e5:6f:1]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[a1a2:b3b4:c5c6:d7d8:0000:00e5:006f:0001]
1.输入-IPv6-字符串[::e5:0:678] IPv6-子字符串[00e5:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000] dcolonIdx [0] arrIdxCnt [6]输入-IPv6-字符串[::e5:0:678]转换后的-IPv6-地址-值[0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:000e5:0000:0678]