我已经通过使用以下查询解决了这个问题：

SELECT MAX(CAST(RIGHT(FORMAT(Id, '0#######'),5) as INT)) 
FROM Column 
WHERE CAST(LEFT(FORMAT(Id, '0#######'),3) AS INT) = Number"

这个字符串返回我所要求的输出。

后数据库：

select max(id) from kkkk where length(id::varchar) =7;
select max(id) from kkkk where length(id::varchar) =8;

    ------------ method 1
select * from kkkk where length(id::varchar) =7;
select * from kkkk where length(id::varchar) =8;

---------------method 2
select 
case when length(id::varchar) =7 then id end as "ids with 7 caracters",
case when length(id::varchar) =8 then id end as "ids with 8 caracters"
from kkkk

演示