使用正则表达式：

$filenames = @("November Foo Bar And Stuff [Final Version].pdf", "November Foo Bar And Stuff [Draft].pdf", "November Lorum Ipsum [Final].pdf", "November Lorum Ipsum [Draft].pdf")
$pattern = "(?<filename>November[^\[]+)"
foreach($filename in $filenames)
{
   $match = select-string $pattern -inputobject $filename 
   Write-Host '$match.Matches'
   $match.Matches

   Write-Host "filename = " $match.Matches.Value.Trim()
}

你可以这样做：

$destination = 'C:\directories'

# because the files have square brackets in their name, use `-LiteralPath`
Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath 'C:\Files' -Filter 'November*.pdf' -File | ForEach-Object {
    # filter the folder name from the file BaseName
    $folderName   = ($_.BaseName -replace '^November([^\[]+).*', '$1').Trim()
    $targetFolder = Join-Path -Path $destination -ChildPath $folderName
    if (Test-Path -Path $targetFolder -PathType Container) {
        $_ | Move-Item -Destination $targetFolder -Force
    }
}

为了通过不在每个迭代中测试目标文件夹的存在性来加快速度，您还可以首先获得目标目录名称的列表，如下所示：

$destination = 'C:\directories'
$targets     = (Get-ChildItem -Path $destination -Directory).Name
# because the files have square brackets in their name, use `-LiteralPath`
Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath 'C:\Files' -Filter 'November*.pdf' -File | ForEach-Object {
    # filter the folder name from the file BaseName
    $folderName   = ($_.BaseName -replace '^November([^\[]+).*', '$1').Trim()
    if ($targets -contains $folderName) {
        $targetFolder = Join-Path -Path $destination -ChildPath $folderName
        $_ | Move-Item -Destination $targetFolder -Force
    }
}