我认为您的原始实现使用错误节点是一个更好的响应，但您修改的更改是一个更好的处理方式，因此我建议通过以下方式将这两个概念结合起来

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
  rescue_from ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound, with: :not_found

  private 
    def not_found(exception) 
      respond_to do |format| 
        format.json do 
          # I expanded the response a bit but handle as you see fit
          render json: {
            error: {
              message: 'Record Not Found', 
              data: { 
                 record_type: exception.model,
                 id: exception.id
               } 
            }
          }, status: :not_found 
      end 
    end 
end

在这种情况下，您应该能够保持当前的测试，同时避免在每个请求中单独处理的需要。

您可以将以下代码添加到您的application_controller. rb中。

around_filter :catch_not_found #=> only:[:show, :edit]

def catch_not_found
  yield
rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound => e
  respond_to do |format|
   format.json { render json: { error: e.to_s }, status: :not_found and return   } 
   format.html { redirect_to root_url, :flash => { :error => "Record not found." } and return }
  end 
end

下面是使用RSpec的测试用例的简单示例。根据您的需求进行修改。
人员_控制器.rb

def show
 @staff = Staff.find(params[:id])
end

R规范

let(:staff) { FactoryBot.create(:staff) }

describe "GET #show" do
  it "Renders show page for valid staff" do
    get :show, {:id => staff.to_param}
    expect(response).to render_template :show
  end
  it "redirects to root path on staff record not_found" do
    get :show, id: 100
    expect(response).to redirect_to(root_path)
  end
end