OneHotEncoder将分类整数功能编码为单热值数值数组。如果sparse=True，则其Transform方法返回稀疏矩阵，否则返回二维数组。
您不能将二维数组（或稀疏矩阵）转换为Pandas系列。您必须为每个类别创建一个Pandas系列（Pandas数据框中的一列）。
我推荐使用pandas.get_dummies：

data = pd.get_dummies(data,prefix=['Profession'], columns = ['Profession'], drop_first=True)

• • 编辑：**

使用Sklearn OneHotEncoder：

transformed = jobs_encoder.transform(data['Profession'].to_numpy().reshape(-1, 1))
#Create a Pandas DataFrame of the hot encoded column
ohe_df = pd.DataFrame(transformed, columns=jobs_encoder.get_feature_names())
#concat with original data
data = pd.concat([data, ohe_df], axis=1).drop(['Profession'], axis=1)

• • 其他选项：**如果您使用GridSearch进行超参数调整，建议将ColumnTransformer和FeatureUnion与Pipeline配合使用，或直接使用make_column_transformer

结果Scikit-Learns LabelBinarizer在将数据转换为one-hot编码格式方面给了我更好的运气，在Amnie's solution的帮助下，我的最终代码如下所示

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelBinarizer

jobs_encoder = LabelBinarizer()
jobs_encoder.fit(data['Profession'])
transformed = jobs_encoder.transform(data['Profession'])
ohe_df = pd.DataFrame(transformed)
data = pd.concat([data, ohe_df], axis=1).drop(['Profession'], axis=1)

以下是Kaggle Learn建议的一种方法，不要认为现在有更简单的方法可以从原始的PandasDataFrame转换为一个one-hot编码的DataFrame。

# Apply one-hot encoder to each column with categorical data
OH_encoder = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore', sparse=False)
OH_cols_train = pd.DataFrame(OH_encoder.fit_transform(X_train[low_cardinality_cols]))
OH_cols_valid = pd.DataFrame(OH_encoder.transform(X_valid[low_cardinality_cols]))

# One-hot encoding removed index; put it back
OH_cols_train.index = X_train.index
OH_cols_valid.index = X_valid.index

# Remove categorical columns (will replace with one-hot encoding)
numeric_X_train = X_train.drop(low_cardinality_cols, axis=1)
numeric_X_valid = X_valid.drop(low_cardinality_cols, axis=1)

# Add one-hot encoded columns to numerical features
new_X_train = pd.concat([numeric_X_train, OH_cols_train], axis=1)
new_X_valid = pd.concat([numeric_X_valid, OH_cols_valid], axis=1)
print(new_X_train)

这就可以了。如果你不感兴趣的话，可以去掉plotly部分。如果你不需要markdown，也可以把printmd改成print。

def fn_cat_onehot(df):

    """Generate onehoteencoded features for all categorical columns in df"""

    printmd(f"df shape: {df.shape}")

    # NaN handing
    nan_count = df.isna().sum().sum()
    if nan_count > 0:
        printmd(f"NaN = **{nan_count}** will be categorized under feature_nan columns")

    # generation
    from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

    model_oh = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore", sparse=False)
    for c in df.select_dtypes("category").columns:
        printmd(f"Encoding **{c}**")  # which column
        matrix = model_oh.fit_transform(
            df[[c]]
        )  # get a matrix of new features and values
        names = model_oh.get_feature_names_out()  # get names for these features
        df_oh = pd.DataFrame(
            data=matrix, columns=names, index=df.index
        )  # create df of these new features
        display(df_oh.plot.hist())
        df = pd.concat([df, df_oh], axis=1)  # concat with existing df
        df.drop(
            c, axis=1, inplace=True
        )  # drop categorical column so that it is all numerical for modelling

    printmd(f"#### New df shape: **{df.shape}**")
    return df

我将@IndreshKumar的解决方案封装到一个sklearn转换器中：

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

class CategoricalOneHot(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin):
    def __init__(self, list_key_words=None):
        self.oh_dict = {}
        self.list_key_words = list_key_words

    def fit(self, X, y=None):
        self.list_cat_col = []
        for key_word in self.list_key_words:
            self.list_cat_col += [col for col in X.columns if key_word in col]
        for col in self.list_cat_col:
            oh = OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown="ignore", sparse=False)
            oh.fit(X[[col]])
            names = oh.get_feature_names_out()
            self.oh_dict[col] = (oh, names)
        return self

    def transform(self, X):
        _X = X.copy()
        for col in self.list_cat_col:
            oh = self.oh_dict[col][0]
            df_oh = pd.DataFrame(
                data=oh.transform(_X[[col]]),
                columns=self.oh_dict[col][1],
                index=_X.index)
            _X = pd.concat([_X, df_oh], axis=1)
            _X.drop(col, axis=1, inplace=True)
        return _X

if __name__ == "__main__":
    tex = pd.DataFrame({'city': ['a', 'a', 'e', 'b'], 'state': ['f', 'c', 'd', 'd']})
    coh = CategoricalOneHot(list_key_words=['city', 'state'])
    print(coh.fit_transform(tex))

示例：给定具有两个分类列的数据框：

city state
0    a     f
1    a     c
2    e     d
3    b     d

输出如下所示：

city_a  city_b  city_e  state_c  state_d  state_f
0     1.0     0.0     0.0      0.0      0.0      1.0
1     1.0     0.0     0.0      1.0      0.0      0.0
2     0.0     0.0     1.0      0.0      1.0      0.0
3     0.0     1.0     0.0      0.0      1.0      0.0

得益于scikit-learn的新set_output API，现在可以在应用OneHotEncoder后获得Dataframe输出。

from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
oh= OneHotEncoder(sparse_output=False).set_output(transform="pandas")
one_hot_encoded=oh.fit_transform(df[["Profession"]])
df = pd.concat([df,one_hot_encoded],axis=1).drop(columns=["Profession"])

请参考：https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/miscellaneous/plot_set_output.html