可以使用联合类型的__args__属性。

>>> import dataclasses
>>> import types
>>> 
>>> @dataclasses.dataclass
... class MyClass:
...     attr1: int | None
...     attr2: str | None
... 
>>> for field in dataclasses.fields(MyClass):
...     fieldname = field.name
...     fieldtype = field.type 
...     has_str_exists = False
...     if isinstance(fieldtype, types.UnionType):
...         fieldtype = fieldtype.__args__
...         has_str_exists = str in fieldtype
...     print(f"{fieldname=} {fieldtype=} {has_str_exists=}")
... 
fieldname='attr1' fieldtype=(<class 'int'>, <class 'NoneType'>) has_str_exists=False
fieldname='attr2' fieldtype=(<class 'str'>, <class 'NoneType'>) has_str_exists=True