您应该查看一下pg_dump：

pg_dump --schema-only databasename

只将架构作为. sql转储到stdout。
对于windows，你可能会想调用pg_dump.exe。我没有访问Windows机器的权限，但我很确定这是命令。看看帮助是否也适用于你。

我运行的是Postgres 9.6，其中我必须导出特定的模式和数据。
我使用了以下命令：

pg_dump.exe -U username -d databasename -n schemaname > C:\mylocation\mydumpfilename.dmp

如果只需要模式而不需要数据，请使用开关s而不是n
下面是pg_dump开关列表：

C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\9.6\bin>pg_dump --help
pg_dump dumps a database as a text file or to other formats.

Usage:
  pg_dump [OPTION]... [DBNAME]

General options:
  -f, --file=FILENAME          output file or directory name
  -F, --format=c|d|t|p         output file format (custom, directory, tar,
                               plain text (default))
  -j, --jobs=NUM               use this many parallel jobs to dump
  -v, --verbose                verbose mode
  -V, --version                output version information, then exit
  -Z, --compress=0-9           compression level for compressed formats
  --lock-wait-timeout=TIMEOUT  fail after waiting TIMEOUT for a table lock
  -?, --help                   show this help, then exit

Options controlling the output content:
  -a, --data-only              dump only the data, not the schema
  -b, --blobs                  include large objects in dump
  -c, --clean                  clean (drop) database objects before recreating
  -C, --create                 include commands to create database in dump
  -E, --encoding=ENCODING      dump the data in encoding ENCODING
  -n, --schema=SCHEMA          dump the named schema(s) only
  -N, --exclude-schema=SCHEMA  do NOT dump the named schema(s)
  -o, --oids                   include OIDs in dump
  -O, --no-owner               skip restoration of object ownership in
                               plain-text format
  -s, --schema-only            dump only the schema, no data
  -S, --superuser=NAME         superuser user name to use in plain-text format
  -t, --table=TABLE            dump the named table(s) only
  -T, --exclude-table=TABLE    do NOT dump the named table(s)
  -x, --no-privileges          do not dump privileges (grant/revoke)
  --binary-upgrade             for use by upgrade utilities only
  --column-inserts             dump data as INSERT commands with column names
  --disable-dollar-quoting     disable dollar quoting, use SQL standard quoting
  --disable-triggers           disable triggers during data-only restore
  --enable-row-security        enable row security (dump only content user has
                               access to)
  --exclude-table-data=TABLE   do NOT dump data for the named table(s)
  --if-exists                  use IF EXISTS when dropping objects
  --inserts                    dump data as INSERT commands, rather than COPY
  --no-security-labels         do not dump security label assignments
  --no-synchronized-snapshots  do not use synchronized snapshots in parallel jobs
  --no-tablespaces             do not dump tablespace assignments
  --no-unlogged-table-data     do not dump unlogged table data
  --quote-all-identifiers      quote all identifiers, even if not key words
  --section=SECTION            dump named section (pre-data, data, or post-data)
  --serializable-deferrable    wait until the dump can run without anomalies
  --snapshot=SNAPSHOT          use given snapshot for the dump
  --strict-names               require table and/or schema include patterns to
                               match at least one entity each
  --use-set-session-authorization
                               use SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead of
                               ALTER OWNER commands to set ownership

Connection options:
  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database to dump
  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory
  -p, --port=PORT          database server port number
  -U, --username=NAME      connect as specified database user
  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password
  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)
  --role=ROLENAME          do SET ROLE before dump

If no database name is supplied, then the PGDATABASE environment
variable value is used.

Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.

在Linux中，您可以这样做

pg_dump -U postgres -s postgres > exportFile.dmp

也许它也可以在Windows中工作，如果不尝试同样的pg_dump.exe

pg_dump.exe -U postgres -s postgres > exportFile.dmp

pg_dump -d <databasename> -h <hostname> -p <port> -n <schemaname> -f <location of the dump file>

请注意，您有足够的权限访问该架构。如果要以特定用户身份进行备份，请在该命令中添加用户名，并在其前面加上-U

对于Linux：（不包括数据）

• pg_dump -s -t tablename databasename > dump.sql（用于数据库中的特定表）
• pg_dump -s databasename > dump.sql（对于整个数据库）

如果只需要创建表，则可以执行pg_dump -s databasename | awk 'RS="";/CREATE TABLE[^;]*;/'

pg_dump -s databasename -t tablename -U user -h host -p port > tablename.sql
这将限制模式转储到“databasename”的表“tablename”

您应该使用类似pg_dump --schema=your_schema_name db1的代码，有关详细信息，请查看here

设置一个新的postgresql服务器并用你外部磁盘上的文件替换它的数据文件夹.
然后，您就可以启动postgresql服务器，并使用pg_dump（pg_dump -s用于模式，如前所述）检索数据