使用以下代码..

private lateinit var fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    // ...

    fusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this)
    fusedLocationClient.lastLocation
        .addOnSuccessListener { location : Location? ->
            val latitude = location.latitude
            val longitude = location.longitude
        }
}

备注

您还必须在Manifest.xml文件中声明位置权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

依赖性：

implementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1"