多亏了wOxxOm！它真的可以从http://127.0.0.1:9222/json/version中读取（文档）
作为一种替代方法，我编写了Python脚本来启动它并获取端点：

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

class Browser:
    BANNER = "DevTools listening on "

    def __init__(self, path="/usr/bin/chromium-browser",
            port=9222, ignore_tls_errors=False):

        cmd = [path, f"--remote-debugging-port={port}"]
        if ignore_tls_errors:
            cmd.append("--ignore-certificate-errors")

        self.process = Popen(cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, universal_newlines=True)

        output = ""
        for line in self.process.stderr:
            output += line
            if self.BANNER in output:
                start_pos = output.find(self.BANNER) + len(self.BANNER)
                end_pos = output.find("\n", start_pos)
                self.url = output[start_pos:end_pos]
                break

    def close(self):
        self.process.terminate()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        b = Browser()
        print("URL:", b.url)
    finally:
        b.close()