您可能必须使用用户名或电子邮件地址作为密钥，并尝试原子地写入该位置。
下面是transaction函数参考中的相关代码示例，在本例中，我们使用wilma作为用户的键。

// Try to create a user for wilma, but only if the user id 'wilma' isn't already taken.
var wilmaRef = new Firebase('https://SampleChat.firebaseIO-demo.com/users/wilma');
wilmaRef.transaction(function(currentData) {
  if (currentData === null) {
    return {name: {first: 'Wilma', last: 'Flintstone'} };
  } else {
    console.log('User wilma already exists.');
    return; // Abort the transaction.
  }
}, function(error, committed, snapshot) {
  if (error)
    console.log('Transaction failed abnormally!', error);
  else if (!committed)
    console.log('We aborted the transaction (because wilma already exists).');
  else
    console.log('User wilma added!');
  console.log('Wilma\'s data: ', snapshot.val());
});

安全规则不足以强制唯一性吗？我不知道它们是否是原子的。

{
    "rules": {
        "users": {
            "$username": {
                ".write": "!data.exists()"
            }
        }
    }
}

您可以使用push自动生成按时间顺序递增的ID，这些ID不会与其他客户机冲突，即使它们是同时创建的（其中包含随机成分）。
例如：

var ref = new Firebase(URL);
var record = ref.push(userInfo);
console.log("User was assigned ID: " + record.name());

唯一可靠的解决方案应该由数据库核心提供。
我想唯一的解决办法是使用不同的数据库。或者使用node express编写自己的后端。

代替在fire-base数据库中定义规则，防止重复条目的最简单方法是首先从fire-base数据库中获取所有数据，并将其与您想要存储的数据（新数据）进行比较，如果与先前数据匹配，则再次放弃存储在数据库中，否则存储在数据库中。检查以下内容以获得更多清晰度。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
private BroadcastReceiver mRegistrationBroadcastReceiver;
private TextView txtRegId, txtMessage;
DatabaseReference databaseArtists;
ListView listViewArtists;
public static String regId;
List<Artist> artistList;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
txtRegId = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.regid);
txtRegId.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            displayFirebaseRegId();
            boolean flag=false;
            String tokenId=regId;
            for(Artist a:artistList)
            {Log.d("RAaz",a.getTokenId()+"    "+tokenId);
                if(a.getTokenId().equalsIgnoreCase(tokenId))
                {
                    flag=true;
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "True", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
            if(flag)
            {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "User Already Exists", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            else {
                addArtist();
            }
        }
    });
    mRegistrationBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // checking for type intent filter
            if (intent.getAction().equals(Config.REGISTRATION_COMPLETE)) {
                // gcm successfully registered
                // now subscribe to `global` topic to receive app wide notifications
                FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().subscribeToTopic(Config.TOPIC_GLOBAL);
                displayFirebaseRegId();
            } else if (intent.getAction().equals(Config.PUSH_NOTIFICATION)) {
                // new push notification is received
                String message = intent.getStringExtra("message");
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Push notification: " + message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                txtMessage.setText(message);
            }
        }
    };
    displayFirebaseRegId();
    databaseArtists = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference("artist");
    artistList = new ArrayList<>();}

下面的代码用于向firebase添加数据

private void addArtist() {
    String name = "User";
    String genre = regId;
    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
        String id = databaseArtists.push().getKey();
        Artist artist = new Artist(id,genre,name);
        databaseArtists.child(id).setValue(artist);
        Toast.makeText(this, "Artist Added", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    } else {
        Toast.makeText(this, "Please enter name", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

使用onStart从firebase数据库获取详细信息

protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    Toast.makeText(this, "On Start", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    databaseArtists.addValueEventListener(new ValueEventListener() {
        @Override
        public void onDataChange(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
            artistList.clear();
            for (DataSnapshot dataSnapshot1 : dataSnapshot.getChildren()) {
                Artist artist = dataSnapshot1.getValue(Artist.class);
                artistList.add(artist);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {
        }
    });
}

最后添加pojo类

public class Artist {
private String artistId;
private String tokenId;
private String roleName;

public Artist() {
}

public Artist(String artistId, String tokenId, String roleName) {
    this.artistId = artistId;
    this.tokenId = tokenId;
    this.roleName = roleName;
}

public String getArtistId() {
    return artistId;
}

public void setArtistId(String artistId) {
    this.artistId = artistId;
}

public String getTokenId() {
    return tokenId;
}

public void setTokenId(String tokenId) {
    this.tokenId = tokenId;
}

public String getRoleName() {
    return roleName;
}

public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
    this.roleName = roleName;
}

}