您可以通过taskDefinition中containerDefinitions中的容器配置容器healthcheck
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/task_definition_parameters.html#container_definition_healthcheck

我今天对此进行了调查，似乎ECS不支持使用Dockerfile中定义的HEALTHCHECK。
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/task_definition_parameters.html#container_definition_healthcheck 明确表示

The Amazon ECS container agent only monitors and reports on the health checks that are specified in the task definition. Amazon ECS doesn't monitor Docker health checks that are embedded in a container image but aren't specified in the container definition.

因此，您需要将healthcheck选项添加到任务定义中，以便ECS使用它。