React异步更新状态，因此console.log打印的是过时的数据。
如果使用React dev tools查看状态，则它工作正常：

尝试使useState语句与文档中的完全相同。https://mui.com/material-ui/react-toggle-button/
看一看=〉您完成了：const [values, setValues] = useState(()=>[])他们做到了：

const [alignment, setAlignment] = React.useState<string | null>('left');

为什么要用数组而不是简单字符串？2看看它们的实现：

import FormatAlignCenterIcon from '@mui/icons-material/FormatAlignCenter';
import FormatAlignRightIcon from '@mui/icons-material/FormatAlignRight';
import FormatAlignJustifyIcon from '@mui/icons-material/FormatAlignJustify';
import ToggleButton from '@mui/material/ToggleButton';
import ToggleButtonGroup from '@mui/material/ToggleButtonGroup';

export default function ToggleButtons() {
  const [alignment, setAlignment] = React.useState<string | null>('left');

  const handleAlignment = (
    event: React.MouseEvent<HTMLElement>,
    newAlignment: string | null,
  ) => {
    setAlignment(newAlignment);
  };

  return (
    <ToggleButtonGroup
      value={alignment}
      exclusive
      onChange={handleAlignment}
      aria-label="text alignment"
    >
      <ToggleButton value="left" aria-label="left aligned">
        <FormatAlignLeftIcon />
      </ToggleButton>
      <ToggleButton value="center" aria-label="centered">
        <FormatAlignCenterIcon />
      </ToggleButton>
      <ToggleButton value="right" aria-label="right aligned">
        <FormatAlignRightIcon />
      </ToggleButton>
      <ToggleButton value="justify" aria-label="justified" disabled>
        <FormatAlignJustifyIcon />
      </ToggleButton>
    </ToggleButtonGroup>
  );
}