如果希望保持两列中的值之间的相关性，可以将每行中的所有值保存在元组（或列表）中，然后使用特定片段对元组列表进行排序，方法是将lambda函数传递给sorted()函数的key参数，该参数告诉sorted()函数使用每个元组的第二个片段作为排序值。
在本例中，我使用pprint.pprint使列表的输出更易于阅读。

from pprint import pprint

with open("file.txt") as file_in:

    list_of_resistances = []
    for line in file_in:
        list_of_resistances.append(tuple(line.strip().split(' ')))
    
    print("Unsorted values:")
    pprint(list_of_resistances)
    
    sorted_resistances = sorted(list_of_resistances, key=lambda x: x[1])
    print("\nSorted values:")
    pprint(sorted_resistances)

    print("\nSorted keys from column 1:")
    pprint([x[0] for x in sorted_resistances])

输出：

Unsorted values:
[('1', '30000'),
 ('2', '30511'),
 ('3', '30052'),
 ('4', '30033'),
 ('5', '30077'),
 ('6', '30055'),
 ('7', '30086'),
 ('8', '30044'),
 ('9', '30088'),
 ('10', '30019'),
 ('11', '30310'),
 ('12', '30121'),
 ('13', '30132')]

Sorted values:
[('1', '30000'),
 ('10', '30019'),
 ('4', '30033'),
 ('8', '30044'),
 ('3', '30052'),
 ('6', '30055'),
 ('5', '30077'),
 ('7', '30086'),
 ('9', '30088'),
 ('12', '30121'),
 ('13', '30132'),
 ('11', '30310'),
 ('2', '30511')]

Sorted keys from column 1:
['1', '10', '4', '8', '3', '6', '5', '7', '9', '12', '13', '11', '2']