一个简单的sed与贪婪正则表达式匹配：

sed -E 's/(.+)-(.+)/Topic: \1 and his partition number: \2/' kafka.txt

Topic: topic-with-num-in-name-1 and his partition number: 4
Topic: topic-without-num-in-name and his partition number: 3

使用基于FS的提取：

awk -F- '{ printf "\"Topic: %s\" and his partition number: %s\n", $0, $NF }' file

使用以下awk命令：

$ awk 'BEGIN{ FS=OFS="-" }{ n=$(NF); NF--; print $0" "n}' kafka.txt

topic-with-num-in-name-1 4
topic-without-num-in-name 3

$ awk '{print gensub(/-([^-]*$)/," \\1",1)}' inputfile 
topic-with-num-in-name-1 4
topic-without-num-in-name 3

$ sed -r 's/(.*)-/\1 /' inputfile 
topic-with-num-in-name-1 4
topic-without-num-in-name 3

$ cat inputfile | rev | sed 's/-/ /' | rev
topic-with-num-in-name-1 4
topic-without-num-in-name 3

使用您展示的示例和尝试，请尝试以下GNU awk代码。

awk '
match($0,/(^.*)-(.*)$/,arr){
   print "Topic: " arr[1] " and his partition number: " arr[2]
}
' Input_file