我很难理解你的问题，但听起来你想做这样的事情（你需要根据你想做的事情修改它，但希望它能给你一种处理异步行为的方法）：

//This will run a query that returns a document where userId == myUserId

    ApprovalMap.findOne({ userId: myUserId }, function(err, appMap) {

        if (err) throw err;

        //Once the query is complete function(err, appMap) will be called
        //err will contain an error object if there was an error
        //appMap will be the data returned by the query.
        //within this block you can run another query
        //for example

        ApprovalMap.findOne({approved:'some variable'},function(err, secondQueryData){

            if (err) throw err;

            //after this query is complete function(err, secondQueryData) will be called
            //once again the err argument will be an error, and the 

            //secondQueryData argument will contain your return data
    
            //here you can do something with the data
            //for example, log the results

            console.log(secondQueryData)
        })
    });

正如您所看到的，您可以在其他查询的回调中嵌套额外的查询或步骤。这将确保事情以正确的顺序运行。您可能还想 checkout NPM异步库，或者像Q或Bluebird这样的Promise库。他们也有一些很棒的解决方案来处理Node中的异步行为。

根据@user2263572的建议，使用异步库。
我现在是这样实现的：

async.waterfall(
    [
        function(callback){
            ApprovalMap.findOne({ userId: myUserId }, function(err, appMap) {
                if (err) throw err;
                else{           
                    //..Create child approval elements and assign Ids from map
                    callback(err, Approver1Child, Approver2Child);
                }
            });
        },
        function(Approver1Child, Approver2Child, callback){
            var post = new Post(req.body);
            post.distApproval = Approver1Child;
            post.ttlApproval = Approver2Child;
            post.userId = myUserId;
            callback(null, post);
        }
    ], 
    function(err, post){
        //creating new order
        post.save(function(err, doc) {
            if (err) {
            }
            else
            {
                console.log({success: true, msg: 'Successful created new post', content: doc});
            }
        });
    }
);

非常感谢@user2263572！！干杯！