一般来说，我建议您在开发环境中不要做与生产环境中不同的事情，因为那里的bug往往不被注意到，但是如果您找不到任何其他方法，我想您可以使用一些自己的实现来覆盖默认的主体工厂，如下所示：

public class PrincipalFactory : AccountClaimsPrincipalFactory<RemoteUserAccount>{

       public PrincipalFactory(IAccessTokenProviderAccessor accessor) : base(accessor)
       {
       }

       public override async ValueTask<ClaimsPrincipal> CreateUserAsync(RemoteUserAccount account, RemoteAuthenticationUserOptions options)
       {
           var principal = await base.CreateUserAsync(account, options);

           if (principal.Identity is ClaimsIdentity identity)
           {
               identity.AddClaim(new Claim("preferred_username", "dev_user"));
           } 

           return principal;
       }
    }

并将其添加到Program.cs中：

var authBuilder = builder.Services.AddOidcAuthentication(options => { });

if(builder.Environment.IsDevelopment()){
    authBuilder.AddAccountClaimsPrincipalFactory<PrincipalFactory>();
}

我没有测试过这个，但我想你明白我的意思。
编辑：我突然想到一个更好的方法可能是只在开发环境中添加这个工厂，所以我稍微修改了一下这个例子。

我做了它喜欢在这里和工程罚款-不确定如果最好的选择？请随时评论，如果有人有更好的想法

public class DebugAuthenticationHandler : 
AuthenticationHandler<AuthenticationSchemeOptions>
{
public DebugAuthenticationHandler(
  IOptionsMonitor<AuthenticationSchemeOptions> options,
  ILoggerFactory logger,
  UrlEncoder encoder,
  ISystemClock clock)
  : base(options, logger, encoder, clock) { }

protected override async Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
{
    var claims = new List<Claim> { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "DebugAdmin") };
    claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin"));
    claims.Add(new Claim("preferred_username", "DebugAdmin"))
    var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "Server authentication");
    var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
    var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name);
    return await Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket));
}
}

和启动：

if (builder.Environment.IsDevelopment())
 {
   builder.Services.AddAuthentication(
   options => options.AddScheme<DebugAuthenticationHandler>("debug", "debug"));
   builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
    var defaultAuthorizationPolicyBuilder = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder("debug");
    defaultAuthorizationPolicyBuilder = defaultAuthorizationPolicyBuilder.RequireAuthenticatedUser();
    options.DefaultPolicy = defaultAuthorizationPolicyBuilder.Build();
});