删除非法空格后，可以使用INTL DateTime format

const d = new Date("2020-09-09T12:41:41-04:00")
console.log(d)

const options = {
  year: "numeric",
  month: "numeric",
  day: "numeric",
  hour : "numeric",
  minute : "numeric",
  second : "numeric",
};
const dateString = new Intl.DateTimeFormat("en-US", options).format(d);
console.log(dateString);

或者完全控制

const toAMPM = hhmmss => {
  const [hours, minutes, seconds] = hhmmss.split(":");
  const formatHours = hours % 12 || 12;
  const ampm = hours < 12 ? "AM" : "PM";
  return `${+formatHours}:${minutes}:${seconds} ${ampm}`;
};
const convertTime = dateString => {
  const d = new Date(dateString).toISOString();
  const [_, yyyy, mm, dd, time] = d.match(/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})T(\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\./);
  return `${+mm}/${+dd}/${yyyy}, ${toAMPM(time)}`;
};

console.log(convertTime("2023-02-28T12:41:41-04:00"));